将身体活动融入基于学校的眼健康服务：政策与发展研究

目的 在健康服务视域下,探索身体活动融入儿童青少年眼健康服务体系的理论、内容及路径方法。方法 从世界卫生组织(WHO)健康服务体系六个组成部分,即领导力与治理、筹资、健康人力资源、服务提供、医药技术、健康信息出发,对基于学校的眼健康与身体活动相关政策架构与核心内容进行分析,探讨如何促进身体活动融入以学校为基础的眼健康服务体系,以及身体活动在眼健康服务连续体的预防、干预、康复和健康促进中的应用。结果 基于健康服务体系视角,根据《世界视觉报告》,将身体活动融入以学校为基础的眼健康服务应遵循跨领域健康服务的五大原则,即普遍可及性和公平性、人权、循证、全生命周期和赋权。WHO倡导构建以人为本的眼健康服务体系,以人为本是基于学校的眼健康服务与身体活动融合新模式的核心理念。在健康促进学校中倡导基于学校的教育和身体活动的方法促进学生的健康,将身体活动作为儿童青少年眼健康相关的预防、干预、康复和健康促进措施,并大力培养学校内部掌握身体活动与眼健康相关知识和技能的专业人员,构建身体活动与儿童青少年眼健康信息系统,推进身体活动融入以学校为基础的眼健康服务体系。结论 身体活动是促进儿童青少年眼健康的重要手段,也是实现以人为本的眼健康服务体系的重要组成部分。根据WHO健康服务体系六个构成要素,构建基于学校的眼健康服务,融合身体活动的理论和方法体系,要求在学校环境中提供教育和身体活动等健康促进的方法。提升学校环境下基于教育和身体活动方法的眼健康服务的领导力和治理,建立新筹资机制,提供资金保障,发展身体活动促进眼健康相关人力资源,完善相关服务提供体系,开发高质量身体活动干预眼健康技术与器材,并将儿童身体活动及眼健康信息融入到学校健康信息,从而实现儿童的眼健康和促进其身心发展。

Integrating Physical Activity into School-based Eye Health Services: A Policy and Development Study

Objective To explore the theories, content and approaches of integrating physical activity in children's eye health service system in the context of health services. Methods From the perspectives of six building blocks of WHO health system, namely, leadership and governance, financing, human resources for health, service delivery, medical technology, and health information system, we analyzed the policy framework and key contents related to school-based eye health and physical activity, and explored how to promote the implementation of physical activity into the school-based eye health service system, and the integration of physical activity into the eye health continuum: prevention, intervention, rehabilitation, and health promotion. Results In perspective of health system, the integration of physical activity into school-based eye health services should be in accordance with the five principles of cross-cutting health services, namely, universal accessibility and equity, human rights, evidence-based, life-span, and empowerment. According to the World Vision Report, WHO advocates to build a person-centered eye health service system, and person-centeredness is the core concept of the new model of school-based eye health services and physical activity integration. WHO advocates a school-based approach to education and physical activity in health-promoting schools to promote student health, physical activity as a preventive, interventional, rehabilitation and health promotive measure related to children's eye health, and vigorously train professionals within schools who have knowledge and skills related to physical activity and eye health, build an information system on physical activity and children's eye health, and promote the integration of physical activity into the school-based eye health service system. Conclusion Physical activity is an important measure to promote children's eye health and an important component to achieve a person-centered eye health service system. Based on the six building blocks of the WHO health service system, a school-based eye health service that integrates a theoretical and methodological system of physical activity is constructed, requiring the provision of health promotion methods such as education and physical activity in the school setting, to enhance leadership and governance of eye health services based on educational and physical activity approaches in the school setting, establish new funding mechanisms, provide financial security, develop human resources related to physical activity for eye health, improve related service delivery systems, develop high-quality physical activity intervention eye health techniques and equipment, and integrate information on children's physical activity and eye health into school health information systems to achieve children's eye health and promote their physical and mental development.