恒温毯保温对重型脑外伤患者血管内低温治疗效果的影响

目的 观察恒温毯保温在重型脑外伤(sTBI)患者血管内低温治疗中的效果。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2018年12月行血管内低温治疗的sTBI患者112例,根据是否采用36.5 ℃恒温保温毯进行体表保温,将患者分为对照组(n = 58)和观察组(n = 54)。采用床边寒战评估量表(BSAS)评估患者寒战发生率和级别,记录两组低温治疗中抗寒战药物用量、凝血功能、颅内压,以及治疗后1个月、6个月、12个月后扩展版格拉斯哥预后量表(GOSE)评分和病死率。结果 观察组寒战发生率和寒战严重程度均明显低于对照组(χ² = 16.212, P < 0.01);观察组抗寒战药物用量少于对照组 ( t > 1.269, P < 0.05)。观察组低温治疗6 h时,高凝状态开始改善,12 h时趋于稳定;对照组低温治疗12 h时,高凝状态开始改善,24 h时趋于稳定。观察组低温治疗6 h后,颅内压低于对照组。观察组治疗后1个月、6个月、12个月后,GOSE评分和病死率均低于对照组( t > 1.168, P < 0.05)。 结论 采用恒温毯保温可有效降低sTBI患者血管内低温治疗时寒战发生率和严重程度,改善高凝血症,降低颅内压,改善预后。

Effect of Self-warming Blankets on Intravascular Hypothermia for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective To investigate the effect of constant temperature blankets on intravascular hypothermia for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods A total of 112 inpatients with sTBI from January, 2013 to December, 2018 were reviewed. They were divided into control group (n = 58) and observation group (n = 54) according to whether a self-warming blanket was used. They were assessed with Bedside Shivering Assessment Scale (BSAS). Their dosages of anti-shivering medicine, coagulation and intracranial pressure were recorded. The scores of Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and the mortality one, six and twelve months after discharge were observed. Results The incidence and severity were less in the observation group than in the control group (χ² = 16.212, P < 0.01). The dosage of anti-shivering medicine was less in the observation group than in the control group ( t > 1.269, P < 0.05). The hypercoagulation relieved significantly six hours after hypothermia in the observation group, and it was stable twelve hours after hypothermia. For the control group, the hypercoagulation relieved significantly twelve hours after hypothermia, and it was stable 24 hours after hypothermia. The intracranial pressure decreased more in the observation group than in the control group. The GOSE score and the mortality were less in the observation group than in the control group ( t > 1.168, P < 0.05) one, six and twelve months after discharge. Conclusion Application of self-warming blankets in intravascular hypothermia for sTBI may relieve shivering, hypercoagulation and intracranial pressure, to improve the outcome of patients.