基于ICF成年残疾人休闲体育活动与功能康复的Scoping综述

目的 基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)的理论与方法,采用Scoping综述方法对成年残疾人的休闲体育活动和康复体育进行分析。方法 基于文献证据进行Scoping综述,在文献资料基础上,建立成年残疾人的休闲体育活动、康复体育和残疾功能改善的范畴和框架以及编码方法。采用主题检索方式检索成年残疾人休闲体育活动和功能康复的相关文献,中文检索数据库包括中国知网和万方数据库,英文数据库包括PubMed和Web of Science,检索时间为建库至2020年7月31日。提取文献内容,包括作者、国家、发表时间、发表期刊、研究目的、研究对象和年龄、数据收集工具以及主要研究结果和结论。结果 共检索文献2476篇,最终纳入18篇,来自14个国家,主要来源于医学、公共健康、锻炼、残疾人等相关的期刊,发表时间集中在2010年至2020年。研究方法主要为问卷调查法、测量法和访谈法。研究涉及的残疾人参与的休闲体育活动类型有体适能类活动、技能类活动和运动项目类活动三大类,主要有太极拳、轮椅篮球、休闲户外活动、社区娱乐性体育活动、康复体育等。根据ICF的架构,休闲体育活动促进成年残疾人功能康复主要体现在身体功能(包括b1精神功能,b4心血管、血液、免疫和呼吸系统的功能,b5消化、代谢和内分泌系统功能,b7神经肌肉骨骼和运动有关的功能)和活动与参与(包括d1学习和应用知识,d2一般任务与要求,d4活动,d5自理、d7人际交往和人际关系,d9社区、社会和公民生活),具体为体质量指数、身体指标、运动能力、平衡能力、认知功能等方面的改善,获得社会支持、应对压力、自我概念、生活满意度、幸福感、运动自我效能、健康感知的提高等。影响成年残疾人休闲体育方面的活动和参与的因素主要有环境因素和个人因素,包括e1用品和技术,e4态度,e3支持和相互关系,e5服务、体制和政策,以及家庭成员和同事的态度和支持、人际关系、社会支持、交通、器材设施、政策等。结论 残疾人康复体育是健康服务体系的重要组成部分。本文从范畴上界定了休闲体育活动及其对成年残疾人的功能效果,并基于ICF建立了残疾人休闲体育活动和康复体育的分类和结构;将康复体育及其相关因素与ICF相结合,对休闲体育活动和康复体育进行综述和讨论,并为进一步研究提出了若干建议。

Recreational Physical Activity and Functional Rehabilitation for Adult with Disability Based on ICF: A Scoping Review

Objective To analyze the categories and its relations of recreational physical activities and rehabilitation exercise for adult with disabilities based on the theory and method of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).Methods An evidence-based scoping review had been implemented. We had developed the framework and coding approaches for recreational physical activities, rehabilitation exercise and functional improvement for the adults with disabilities based on evidence-based literature review. The literature related to recreational physical activities and rehabilitation exercise of adult with disabilities was searched by subject retrieval method. The retrieval database in Chinese included CNKI and Wanfang database, and the retrieval database in English included PubMed and Web of Science. The retrieval time was from establishment to July 31, 2020. The authors, countries, published time, published journals, research objectives, object of the study and their ages, data collection tool, and the key findings were extracted. Results A total of 2476 literatures were returned, and 18 of them were enrolled, which were published in 14 countries, and most were published in journals on topics related to medicine, public health, exercise and people with disabilities. They were mainly published from 2010 to 2020, and mainly used questionnaire survey, measurement and interviewing method. There were three typical recreational physical activities: physical fitness activities, skills activities and sports activities, mainly including Taiji Quan, wheelchair basketball, leisure outdoor activities, community recreational sports activities and rehabilitation exercises, etc. According to the framework of ICF, recreational physical activities promote functional rehabilitation for adults with disabilities, including physical functions (b1 mental function; b4 cardiovascular, blood, the function of the immune system and respiratory system; b5 digestion, metabolism and function of the endocrine system; and b7 nerve musculoskeletal function related to movement), and activities and participation (d1 study and application of knowledge; d2 the general tasks and requirements; d4 activity; d5 self-care; d7 interpersonal communication and interpersonal relationship; and d9 community, social and civic life). The evidences showed benefits of improvement in the fields of body mass index, body index, athletic ability, balance ability, and cognitive function. There were more gains at individual levels, including support, coping with stress, self-concept development, life satisfaction, happiness, exercise self-efficacy, health perception, etc. The environmental and personal factors had effects on the performance of activity and participation in recreational physical activities, including e1 products and technologies, e4 attitude, e3 support and interpersonal relationships, e5 service system and policy, as well as attitudes and support of family members and colleagues, interpersonal relationships, social support, transportation, equipment and facilities, and policies. Conclusion Rehabilitation exercise is an important part of health-related services. We scoped the recreational physical activities and its functional effects for adults with disabilities. The categories and structure of recreational physical activities and rehabilitation exercises were constructed based on ICF. Aligning rehabilitation exercises and relevant factors to ICF, the recreational activities and rehabilitation exercises had been reviewed and discussed and several recommendations for further studies had been drawn.