电视对儿童成长的影响

目的:了解电视对儿童身心发展的影响,分析电视事业与儿童教育协调发展的利弊。方法:北京师范大学发展心理研究所组织了关于儿童电视收视率及其质量状况的调查分析。结果:对于儿童来说,电视主要具有三大功能,即信息功能、教育功能和娱乐功能。儿童观看电视节目的主要目的及儿童电视节目对儿童发展的影响有:①儿童认为看电视最主要的两个目的是娱乐和增长知识,同时也有相当一部分儿童认为主要目的在于训练思维能力和学习技能。②儿童电视节目对儿童知识学习、技能学习、学业学习、智力发展、个性社会性发展均有一定的促进作用。以上两个问题存在明显的年龄差异。但是也不能忽视其负面影响:①电视中不健康的内容对儿童的发展的负面影响。②长时间的看电视牺牲了儿童参与其他活动(如看书)的时间,对儿童的发展不利,容易造成儿童的思维不够深刻,不能认真的思考问题等现象。结论:要提倡儿童电视节目的新理念,树立“以儿童为主体”的思路,在制作节目的过程中懂得尊重儿童的看法与意见,寓教于乐,借鉴西方优秀儿童节目的模式,结合中国特点来做。

Influence of television programs on children's growth

AIM: To investigate the influence of television programs on children's mental growth so as to evaluate advantages and disadvantages on coordinative development of TV programs and child education.METHODS: A survey about the quality and audience rating of children's TV programs was carried out at the Developmental Psychology Institute of Beijing Normal University.RESULTS: The television programs have three main functions for children: education function (or learning function, orientation function), information function and entertainment function. Main purposes and effect for watching TV by children are: ①The major two are entertaining and getting information to enrich their knowledge, but other purposes like training thinking ability and learning skills still exist. ② Children TV programs can promote learning knowledge, skill, and academic study; develop intelligence and personality. Problems mentioned above have the age differences. However, the negative effect on child should not be neglected: ① A lot of unhealthy contents block children's healthy development. ②Watching TV for hours wastes a lot of valuable time that can be used for other important things like reading. This time-killing habit may harm children's profound thoughts and thinking ability.CONCLUSION: We should present new philosophy on children's TV programs producing. The producer should know well about children's needs and respect their requirements, including all kinds of rights and ideas, linking the entertainment function of these programs more closely with their education function and taking advantage of successful business models oversea, and inspiring organizations to produce more suitable programs.