梅毒的免疫学实验诊断进展

 梅毒被称为“伟大的模仿者”，其临床表现多样，病变部位广泛，单靠临床症状和体征诊断易造成漏诊或误诊，往往需要通过实验室确诊。梅毒螺旋体尚不能在体外进行长时间培养，病原体的形态学检查受样本取材等因素限制，灵敏度低。梅毒螺旋体感染后所产生的免疫反应成为确定梅毒螺旋体感染的重要依据。本文就传统免疫学试验在诊断梅毒方面的应用及新免疫学指标的进展作一综述，旨在为实验室结合自身条件及临床需求选择合适的梅毒免疫学检测方法提供依据。

Advances in immunological diagnosis of syphilis

Syphilis is known as the"great imitator".Its clinical manifestations are diverse,and the lesions are extensive.The diagnosis only based on clinical symptoms and signs alone can easily result in missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.Laboratory tests are required to confirm the diagnosis.While treponema pallidum cannot be cultured in vitro for a long time,the morphological examination of the pathogen has its limitations such as difficulty of sample collection and low sensitivity.Immune responses to Treponema pallidum infection has become a important basis for confirmation of Treponema pallidum infection.This review summarizes the application of traditional immunological approaches in the diagnosis of syphilis and the advances in new immunological indicators,and provides a basis for laboratories to choose appropriate immunological approaches for the diagnosis of syphilis according to their own situation and clinical needs.