建立消防医疗救助体系的探讨

中国是一个多自然、人为、和公共卫生灾害的国家。以往，我国处理灾难事故的模式一直是由政府调动解放军、武警、公安、急救中心等，采用随机组合，义务救援的方式，缺乏一个常设的救灾机构，难以形成合力。汶川大地震再次暴露了我国灾难医学“有概念，缺体系”的弊端。分析了美国、加拿大、英国、德国、日本、和中国香港、台湾地区的经验后，作者认为因消防部队分布相对合理，机构健全，配备完善，网络广泛，出动半径小，反应时间短，指挥系统完善，组织纪律性强，装备完善，人员年轻、体力好，拥有专用通讯网络线路，119号码已家喻户晓，是一支有效的无可替代的救灾突击队，应起协调作用。但大部分消防部队成员缺乏急救知识和技术，应对其加强训练，并设置由消防系统、地方急救中心、警察等组成的，以消防医疗救助为基础的消防紧急医疗救助队。

Establishment of a fire fighting emergency medical aid system

China is a country abundant in disasters, natural, man-made, and public health. The model of handling disaster in China has been randomly organizing the army, armed police force, policemen, and medical professionals from emergency center together mobilized by the government based on free rescue. There is not a permanent disaster-relieving agency. The disadvantages of the disaster medicine with only idea and without system were thoroughly exposed during the Wenchuan Earthquake. After analyzing the experience from the US, Canada, Britain, Germany, Japan, and the regions of Hong Kong and Taiwan, the author believes that the fire fighting force, with a relatively rational distribution and wide coverage of networks, short dispatch radius and reaction time, complete commanding system, strong sense of organization and discipline, perfect equipments, being younger, good stamina, and communication line for special use, is an effective shock brigade in-replaceable in disaster-relief. It should play the coordinating function. And the phone number 119 has been known to every household. However, most of its staff members lack the knowledge and skills of first aid, so training should be held. A fire fighting emergency medical aid system （FEMAS）, network of the combination of fire fighting system, local emergency medical centers, and police departments, based on fire fighting emergency medical rescue, should be established.