空巢老人心理健康与人格特征及应对方式的关系

目的:探讨不同类型的空巢老年人的心理健康状态,以及他们的人格特征和应对方式特点及关系。方法:采取症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和应对方式问卷(CSQ)对山东460位老人施测,并用SPSS 16.0予以统计分析。结果:(1)独居的老人在SCL-90中的某些因子得分显著低于寡居老人和非空巢老人(F=3.654,5.361,4.699,3.874,3.031,3.121,6.067,3.301;P0.05);(2)在CSQ量表中,寡居老人在解决问题因子和自责因子得分显著低于其他两组(F=3.512,4.416;P0.05),而另外两组之间没有差异;(3)空巢老人在SCL-90中的总均分与E量表和求助因子之间没有相关关系,与其他因子有显著的相关关系(r=0.218,0.544,-0.225,0.329,0.260,0.243,0.217;P0.01)。结论:(1)独居老年人的心理健康状况优于寡居老人和非空巢老人;(2)寡居的老人倾向于放弃解决问题的途径,并且易产生自责心理;(3)空巢老人的心理健康状态与内外向没有显著联系,但与神经质、精神质和应对方式有密切联系。

The Relationship Between Mental Health and Personality Characteristics,Coping Styles of Empty - nest Elderly

Objective :To explore the mental health status of empty - nest elderly and its relationship with personal-ity characteristics and coping styles .Methods :Symptom checklist 90(SCL - 90) ,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)and Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ)were used to measure the mental heath status of 460 aged people ,and the SPSS16 .0 was applied to data analysis .Results :Some factors scores of the old in solitude in SCL - 90 were signifi-cantly less than the widowed elderly and non - empty - nesters(F = 3 .654 ,5 .361 ,4 .699 ,3 .874 ,3 .031 ,3 .121 ,6 .067 , 3 .301 ;P < 0 .05) ;② In the CSQ ,the scores of widowed empty - nesters on the dimension of the problem solving and self - accusations were significantly less than the other two groups (F = 3 .512 ,4 .416 ;P < 0 .05) ;③ The total average score of empty - nest elderly had no correlation with both E scale and the dimension of appealing ,but it had signifi-cant correlation with other dimensions (r = 0 .218 ,0 .544 ,-0 .225 ,0 .329 ,0 .260 ,0 .243 ,0 .217 ;P < 0 .01) .Conclusion :①The mental health status of the old in solitude is better than that of widowed empty - nesters and non - empty - nes-ters ;② Widowed empty - nesters tend to give up the way of problem solving ,and they are easily to be self - accused .③ The mental health status of empty - nest elderly has no significant correlation with introversion and extraversion dimension ,but has close relation with neuroticism ,psychoticism and coping styles .