个体化术前模拟截骨在全膝关节置换胫骨平台假体选择中的应用

Application of individual preoperative simulation osteotomy on selecting tibia prosthesis in total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Inappropriate size of tibia prosthesis will affect the stability and long term curative effect of knee joint. Raising the tibia prosthesis bone coverage through preoperative analysis may further reduce the incidence of loosing and sinking of tibia prosthesis. OBJECTIVE: To select the appropriate prosthesis and maximize the tibia prosthesis bone coverage rate through the three dimensional reconstruction of CT and preoperative tibia osteotomy simulation among the patients preliminarily treated with total knee arthroplasty.  METHODS: Totally 76 (84 knees) patients treated with total knee arthroplasty were enrolled and randomly divided into test group (38 cases, 41 knees) and control group (38 cases, 43 knees). All the patients in the test group were underwent CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction of CT before operation. Preoperative tibia osteotomy was stimulated. The most appropriate tibia prosthesis was selected by comparatively analyzing the data of tibia osteotomy, and maximizing the tibial plateau prosthesis bone coverage. Three-dimensional reconstruction of CT was absence in the control group by contrast. Tibia plateau bone coverage of patients in these two groups after replacement was evaluated. The repair effect was evaluated during the follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 75 patients were followed up for 13 to 56 months. One patient in the test group withdrew from the study because of periprosthetic fractures. Analyzing from the follow-up after replacement, tibia plateau prosthesis coverage rates of test group and control group were (89.87±4.14)%, (83.15±5.21)% respectively; New York Hospital for Special Surgery scores were respectively (87.48±8.69) points and (82.37±10.14) points, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the range of motion and postoperative complications between test and control groups (P > 0.05). These results suggest that choosing the most appropriate type of tibia prosthesis by applying three-dimensional reconstruction of CT and preoperative tibia osteotomy on patients treated with total knee arthroplasty can improve tibial plateau prosthesis bone coverage rate and is conductive to achieve a satisfactory repair effect.