肠道免疫系统与糖尿病关系的研究进展

正糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)发病率呈稳定上升趋势,除基因突变、环境因素外,由于肠道免疫系统是接触饮食抗原的第一防护线,肠道病毒感染、口服牛乳或麸质蛋白抗原、肠道菌群等引起的肠道变化被证实与DM发病有关~1]。一系列研究证据表明肠道免疫系统参与DM发病过程。首先,DM前期,鼠肠道组织学及免疫学已发生改变,DM易患鼠肠道渗透性增加,且肠道病变早于DM发生~2],如黏膜隐

Research progress of intestinal immune system and diabetes mellitus

The intestinal immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The transplantation of mesenteric lymphocytes can transmit diabetes, which indicates the islet-damaging T cells may be derived from the intestine. Intestinal virus infection, oral gluten antigen and intestinal flora changes are associated with diabetes. The immune cells in gut including T cells, macrophage, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and so on are also confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, intestinal immune system influences the occurrence and development of diabetes by modulating the intestinal barrier permeability, the expression of pattern recognition receptors, the changes of incretin and the damage of immune tolerance. The induction of gut immune tolerance and regulation of intestinal flora for the treatment of diabetes have also been widespread concerned. This article summarizes the research progress on the relation of diabetes and intestinal immune system, and also briefly introduces the development of the intestine immune therapy.