广州市5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻流行特征

目的了解广州市5岁以下儿童4种主要腹泻病毒的流行病学特征。方法收集广州市2008年哨点医院门诊腹泻患儿粪便686份，采用ELISA法检测轮状病毒、腺病毒和星状病毒抗原，用RIDASCREEN ELISA试剂盒进行诺如病毒抗原检测，并对以上腹泻患儿的临床资料进行分析。结果686份标本中，4种病毒的阳性率：轮状病毒为34．0％、诺如病毒为20．7％、腺病毒为6．0％、星状病毒为1．2％，其中有混合感染的病例数占5．1％．以轮状病毒混合其他病毒感染为主，占85．7％。4种病毒阳性率男女差异无统计学意义，不同年龄组间阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），与年龄有关，均以2岁以下患儿为主，分别占阳性总数的93．1％、92．3％、87．8％和100％。轮状病毒有明显的季节特征，10～12月份为发病高峰，诺如病毒等常年均有发病，无特殊的时间分布。混合感染的患儿腹泻症状较重（P〈0．05）。结论4种病毒均有检出，以轮状病毒和诺如病毒为主，秋冬季为发病高峰，2岁以下为发病高危人群，同时混合感染现象值得关注。

Analysis on Epidemiologic Characteristics of Viral Diarrhea among Infants in Guangzhou in 2008

Objective To study the epidemiologic characteristics of virus-induced acute diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Guangzhou. Method Stool specimens and clinical data were collected from 686 outpatients with acute diarrhea in sentinel Hospital in 2008. Rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus were detected by. ELISA method. Norovirus antigen was measured using RIDASCREEN ELISA kit. Result Of the 686 specimens, the percentage of samples with Rotavirus, Norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus was 34%, 20.7%, 6.0% and 1.2%, respectively. Mixed infection accounted for 5.1% of total cases, in which 85.7% were mixed infection with rotavirus and other enteric viruses. Infection with these 4 types of virus was significantly associated （P〈0.05） with the age （under 2 years old）, but not with the gender, of the patients. And the percentage of infection with rotavirus, Norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus in these patients were 93.1%, 92.3%, 87.8% and 100%, respectively. The incidence of rotavirus infection was peaked at around October and December. Children with mixed infection usually had severe diarrhea symptoms （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Rotavirus is the major pathogen contributing to the acute diarrhea. The disease is generally peaks at autum/winter. Children under 2 years old are at higher risk of infection. Attention should be paid particularly the patients with mixed infection.