腰椎峡部裂机翼型记忆合金节段内固定器研制的解剖学基础

目的　解剖测量L1～5, S1形态学参数为研制腰椎峡部裂机翼型记忆合金节段内固定器提供解剖学依据。 方法　采用20套正常成人腰骶椎标本测量L1～5,S1的相关参数，据此设计机翼型记忆合金节段内固定器。 结果 以L4/L5为例：(1)腰椎棘突下面两侧缘与椎板的交点至同侧横突根部上缘的距离(DITR)为(35.30±2.38)mm；(2)腰椎横突根部上缘前后两侧面的夹角(AFR)为(30.47±6.38)°；横突根部上下缘宽度(WRT)为(11.43±1.76)mm；(3)腰椎两侧横突、上关节突及椎弓根交界处中心点间距(DTAP) 为(46.44±2.55)mm；(4)腰骶椎棘突的厚度(TSP)为(9.04±1.12)mm；(5)腰骶椎棘突间距 (DAP)为(7.10±1.83)　mm；(6)腰椎棘突下面两侧缘与椎板的交点到横突根部、上关节突、椎弓根交界处中心点的连线和相应棘突下面侧缘的夹角（ATL）为(58.31±7.02)°；(7) 腰骶椎棘突后面到椎板的距离（LSP）为(20.40±2.80)mm。该内固定器由“U”形体部及两侧翼构成，初步设计大、中、小3个型号。 结论 机翼型记忆合金节段内固定器的设计在形态学上具有可行性，且利用了镍钛合金的记忆效应、超弹性、耐腐蚀等特性，是一种牢靠安全，操作简便的新型内固定器。

The design of the aliform memory alloy intrasegmental fixation instrument for lumbar spondylolysis: applied anatomic study

Objective　To explore anatomic features of L1～5 and S1 vertebrae, and provide parameters for the development of the aliform memory alloy intrasegmental fixation instrument（AMAIFI）.　Methods　20 sets of antiseptic lumbar specimens (L1~5,S1) of Chinese normal adults were used. The distance from the intersection of the lateral margin of the inferior surface of the lumbar spinous process and lamina of vertebra to the superior border of the root segment of transverse process (DITR), the angle between the anterior and posterior sides sitting at the superior border of the root segment of transverse process (AFR), the width of the root segment of transverse process (WRT), the distance from one side of the junction of the transverse process, superior articular process and pedicle of vertebral arch to the another (DTAP), the thickness of the spinous process (TSP), the distance between adjacent spinous process (DAP), the angle between two lines (ATL), one is the line between the intersection of the lateral margin of the inferior surface of the lumbar spinous process and lamina of vertebra and the junction of the transverse process, superior articular process and pedicle of vertebral arch, another was the lateral margin of the inferior surface of the spinous process], the length of the spinous process (LSP) were measured and analyzed respectively.　Results　Taken L4/L5 as the example: DITR was about (35.30±2.38)mm, AFR (30.47±6.38)°, WRT (11.43±1.76)mm, DTAP (46.44±2.55)mm, TSP (9.04±1.12)mm, DAP (7.10±1.83)mm, ATL (58.31±7.02)°, and LSP (20.40±2.80)mm respectively. Conclusions　The design of AMAIFI is feasible, which is a safe and convenient device, for mixing together the advantage of the shape memory effects, hyperelasticity and anticorrosion characters of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy.