泪小管形态特点及其临床应用解剖研究

目的　获取国人泪小管形态学数据，探明泪小管与内眦区域相关结构之间的关系。 方法　通过解剖31侧成人内眦区域标本，观察泪小管与周围结构之间的关系，并测量国人泪小管相关数据。 结果　①男性上泪小管垂直部、水平部、下泪小管垂直部、水平部以及泪总管长度分别为(2.66±0.42) 、(9.54±0.97)、(2.56±0.43)、(9.58±0.87)、(2.50±0.50) mm；女性上泪小管垂直部、水平部、下泪小管垂直部、水平部以及泪总管长度分别为(2.33±0.46)、(9.73±1.13)、(2.43±0.18)、(9.67±1.10)、(1.97±0.84) mm。② 93.5%（29侧）上、下泪小管汇合形成泪总管；6.5%（2侧）上、下泪小管共同开口于泪囊。③睑板前部眼轮匝肌肌纤维分为前、后两束，沿泪小管前、后方向鼻侧走行，前束汇入内眦，形成内眦韧带前部；后部汇合成Horner肌，形成内眦韧带后部，止于泪后嵴及其后方骨面。 结论　掌握泪小管各部分形态结构特征和毗邻结构关系对临床治疗泪小管损伤和内眦区域整形具有重要意义。

The research of morphological features and clinical applied anatomy of lacrimal canaliculis

Objective　To investigate the relationship between the lacrimal canaliculi and the structures of the medial canthus according to the morphological data of Chinese lacrimal canaliculis. 　Methods 　To observe the relationship between lacrimal canaliculi and its surrounding structures, and to measure the relevant data of Chinese lacrimal canaliculi through dissecting the 31 sides of adult medial canthus region. Results　①The length of the vertical canaliculus and horizontal canaliculus of upper canaliculus，vertical canaliculus and horizontal canaliculus of inferior canaliculus and common canaliculus of male was respectively (2.66±0.42)， (9.54±0.97)， (2.56±0.43)，(9.58±0.87) and (2.50±0.50) mm; The length of the vertical canaliculus and horizontal canaliculus of upper canaliculus, vertical canaliculus and horizontal canaliculus of inferior canaliculus and common canaliculus of famale was respectively (2.33±0.46), (9.73±1.13), (2.43±0.18), (9.67±1.10) and (1.97±0.84)mm. ②In 93.5% (29 sides), the upper and lower lacrimal canaliculis converged to form the common canaliculus; However, in 6.5% (2 sides) were opened together in the lacrimal sac. ③The muscle fibers of the tarsal plate part of orbicularis oculi muscle were divided into two beams, namely the anterior and posterior, and the two beams were along the anterior and posterior nasal directions of the lacrimal canaliculi. The anterior beam joined into medial canthus and continues to become the anterior part of the medial canthus ligament; Moveover, the posterior beam merged to the Horner’s muscle and formed the posterior part of the medial canthus ligament. The terminations of the posterior part occurred in the posterior crest and posterior facial surface.　Conclusions　Knowledge of the morphological features and adjacent structures of the lacrimal canaliculis is of great significance for the treatment of canalicular injuries and for reshaping of the medial canthus.