应用微卫星标记对不同基因组组合生物型遗传多态性的研究(英文)

微卫星ＤＮＡ在真核基因组中分布频率为每２０～３０ｋｂ一个，具有片段长度短、序列 高度重复、种类多以及高度多态的特点，极适于遗传变异研究。本文报道：采用微卫星 标记对不同基因组组合的鱼类进行了基因组指纹图谱构建。受试材料为红鲤（ＲＣ）、红鲫 （ＲＡ）、镜鲤（ＭＣ）、鲤鲫杂种二倍体（ＣＡ）鲫鲤杂种三倍体（ＣＡＡ），人工复合三倍体（ＣＣＡ） 等六种生物型。微卫星ＤＮＡ座位（探针）ＭＦＷ２、ＭＦＷ８和ＭＦＷ１６各自存在１２、１６和 １０个等位基因（Ｆｉｇ．１，２，＆３）。通过对微卫星标记图谱的量化分析，利用ＵＰＧＭＡ构建了 不同生物型的遗传关系树系图（Ｔａｂｌｅ　１，Ｆｉｇ．４）。本研究发现，徽卫星和ＲＡＰＤ分析两种 手段反映六种生物型之间的聚类模式完全一致。然而由微卫星标记获得的生物型内和生 物型之间的遗传距离均大于ＲＡＰＤ的，此结果表明微卫星标记在揭示群体内个体间差 异上有独到之处。

Studies on Genetic Polymorphism from Different Biotypes by Using Microsatellite Markers

In the present paper, the genome fingerprint was constructed by using the microsatellite markers in fish of different genome combinations. The characteristics of microsatellite markers of three kinds of carp and the particular significance of microsatellite polymorphism in analysis of genetic variance were reported. The total number of alleles detected in six biotypes is 12 at MFW2 microsatellite locus, 16 at MFW8 and 10 at MFW16, respectively. According to the data of microsatellite marker, the genetic relationship was constructed with UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages). Both microsatellite and RAPD show the same pattern of clusters among biotypes. However, greater genetic distances were found among microsatellite markers than those among RAPD. These results demonstrate that the microsatellite-based analysis of genetic variation will be useful in measuring intrabiotype differences.