基于生态系统生产总值核算的生态保护成效评估——以赣南地区为例

开展自然生态系统生产总值的评估，对于生态保护政策效益的量化考核，推动生态效益纳入社会经济体系具有重要的意义。赣南地区地处典型的南方丘陵山地带，森林覆盖率高，是赣江、东江上游的重要生态屏障。以赣南为研究区域，基于2000-2018年间3期遥感影像，并运用遥感、地理信息技术的方法，构建了生态系统生产总值的评估指标体系，探讨了将生态系统生产总值（GEP）核算应用于生态保护成效的评估。结果表明：（1）赣南地区2018年生态系统生产总值为10963.26亿元，约为当年GDP的3.9倍；气候调节、水源涵养和洪水调蓄是赣南地区生态系统的核心服务功能，这3项服务价值总和占当年GEP的75.62%；重点生态功能区县的人均GEP高于非重点生态功能区县，而单位面积GEP低于非重点生态功能区县；（2）2000年、2010年和2018年绿金指数（GEP/GDP）分别为5.20、4.19、3.91，呈现出逐年下降的趋势；（3）2000-2018年，赣南地区GEP以可比价计算增幅为21.75%，其中2000-2010年、2010-2018年的年平均增幅分别为1.46%、0.78%，GEP增幅有所减缓，但生态保护成效总体上呈现向好趋势。研究表明，GEP核算结果能很好地反映赣南地区一定时期的生态环境状态和变化，体现生态保护建设工程综合实施效果，为赣南地区后续生态保护建设提供科学依据。

Assessment of ecological conservation effect in sourthern Jiangxi Province based on gross ecosystem product

Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) assessment is important to the quantified assessment of the ecological protection policies benefits and to promote ecological benefits into economic and social evaluation system. The Southern Jiangxi Province is a typical southern hilly area, and regarded as an importantly ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River and Dongjiang River for its high forest cover rate. We built an evaluation index system and used geographic information technology to qualify the value of GEP via three remote sensing images (from 2000 to 2018). By noticing the changes of GEP, we could assess the effectiveness of ecological protection measures. The results showed that:(1) the GEP of Gannan region in 2018 was 1096.326 billion yuan, which was c.a. 3.9 times to GDP. Climate regulation, water conservation, flood regulation and storage were the core service functions of the ecosystem in Southern Jiangxi Province. The total value of these 3 services accounted for 75.62% of the GEP that year; The per capita GEP of key ecologically functional counties is higher than that of non-key ecological functional counties, while the GEP per unit area is lower than that of non-key ecological functional counties; (2) The Green Gold Indexes (GEP/GDP) in 2000, 2010, and 2018 were 5.20, 4.19, and 3.91, respectively, representing a downward trend elapsed by time; (3) From 2000 to 2018, the GEP in Southern Jiangxi Province increased by 21.75% at comparable value, of which the average annual growth rates from 2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2018 were 1.46% and 0.78%, respectively. The effectiveness of ecological protection showed a growth trend, but the rate decreased. GEP accounting could exhibit the condition and changes of the ecological environment in a certain period, the comprehensive implementation effectiveness by ecological protection, and provide a scientific basis for subsequently ecological protection in Southern Jiangxi Province.