海岛型城市人居环境质量评价——基于厦门市和平潭综合实验区的对比

21世纪是海洋世纪,海岛地位日益凸显,人居环境是海岛型城市发展质量的重要表征,然而目前学术界针对海岛城市人居环境质量评价的成果还较为鲜见。基于人居环境理论,构建了海岛型城市人居环境质量评价体系,选取厦门市和平潭综合实验区两个处于不同发展阶段的典型海岛型城市作为研究对象,综合评价了两个城市人居环境质量及动态变化。结果显示:(1)厦门和平潭人居环境质量均处于稳定提升状态,厦门人居环境宜居度更高,二者差距呈增大趋势;(2)城市人居环境系统与城市经济子系统二者存在相互协调、制衡的关系,不同发展阶段的协调度呈现一定的差异;(3)海岛城市人居环境质量受到自然、人类、社会、居住和支撑系统等5个子系统的综合影响,且各个子系统在不同发展阶段对人居环境的贡献率有所不同,发展初期的平潭人居环境自然子系统呈负向发展,人类子系统变化不大,社会、居住和支撑子系统得分贡献有所增加;而发展相对成熟的厦门人居环境自然子系统稳定性高,人类子系统虽呈上升趋势但变化幅度较小,社会子系统、居住子系统以及支撑子系统总体状况较好。研究可为厦门市和平潭综合实验区及国内同类海岛城市人居环境优化调控提供借鉴,同时丰富人居环境评估的实证案例与相关理论。

A quality evaluation of human settlements in island cities: a comparison between Xiamen and Pingtan

In the 21st century, the strategic importance of islands is greatly highlighted. The quality of human settlements is one of the necessary indicators of island cities. However, until recently there have been few reports on quality evaluations of human settlements in island cities. Therefore, based on the theory of human settlements, a comprehensive quality evaluation system on the human settlements of island cities was conducted in the present study. Two typical island cities of the Xiamen and Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone were chosen and their human settlement qualities during different periods were carefully explored and compared respectively. The results show that:(1) the human settlement quality of the two island cities is relatively stable, whereas the livability of Xiamen was higher than that of Pingtan and the gap between them gradually increased; (2) the urban human settlements were correlated with urban economic systems and the degree of correlation between them varied in different stages; (3) the human settlements of the two island cities was comprehensively affected by the subsystems, such as natural, human, social, residential, and support systems, respectively, and the roles of each subsystem were obviously different. The human settlements of Pingtan, which is at the early stage, presented some significant characteristics:the natural system aligned to some extent with the human system and changed to a small degree, whereas the contribution of the social, residential and support systems steadily increased. The human settlements of Xiamen, which is in a more developed stage, presented different characteristics; the natural system was relatively stable, whereas the variations in the human system increased slightly, and the contribution of the social, residential, and support systems were relatively high. The present study provides valuable references for the sustainable development of human settlements of Xiamen and Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone and other similar island cities. Simultaneously, it enriches the empirical cases and human settlement theory.