基于InVEST模型的皖西大别山区生境质量时空演化及景观格局分析

新型城镇化及生态文明建设背景下,加强中国重要生态功能区的生境质量研究具有重要意义。以皖西大别山区舒城县为例,基于InVEST模型及地形位等方法进行生境质量时空演变与景观格局互动及梯度效应分析,结果表明:(1)1995—2015年,研究区生境质量指数从1995年的0.6392下降为2015年的0.6356,总体降幅不大;生境退化程度持续上升,由0.0133上升至0.0142。热点分析表明,生境质量较差的冷点区主要分布于东北部的城镇及其周边区域,质量较高的热点区主要位于西南部植被分布区;(2)生境质量及生境退化分布指数具有显著的地形位梯度效应。高生境质量分布指数与林地分布一致并随地形位梯度上升成主导优势,而低生境质量分布与建设用地和农地分布一致,并在低地形位梯度上占主导优势;(3)分区和整体生境质量与景观格局指数相关性显著,但不同区域内的二者之间相关性质各异。生境质量演化受地形和景观格局影响较大。研究结果对于大别山重要生态功能区的生境保护及生态系统功能调控具有一定的理论与实践价值。

Spatial-temporal evolution of habitat quality and analysis of landscape patterns in Dabie Mountain area of west Anhui province based on InVEST model

Under the background of new-type urbanization and ecological civilization construction, it is of great significance to strengthen the research on habitat quality of important ecological functional areas in China. Taking the Shucheng County of Dabie Mountain area in west Anhui province as an example, based on InVEST model and terrain gradient method, this study analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of habitat quality and the interaction between landscape pattern and gradient effect. The results showed that: (1)In the past two decades, the habitat quality index of the study area was 0.6392 in 1995 and 0.6356 in 2015, respectively. The value of habitat quality showed decline trend from 1995 to 2015, but the degree of habitat degradation continued to rise from 0.0133 to 0.0142. Hot spot analysis showed that the cold spot areas with poor habitat quality were mainly located in the northeastern and its peripheral zone of the study area, which is mainly dominated by cities and towns, and the hot spot areas with high habitat quality were mainly located in the southwestern vegetation distribution region. (2)Habitat quality and habitat degradation distribution have significant topographic potential gradient effect. The distribution index of high habitat quality was consistent with that of forest land and became dominant along with the topographic gradient, while the distribution of low habitat quality was consistent with that of construction land and farmland and became dominant along the topographic gradient. (3)There was a significant correlation between habitat quality and landscape pattern indexes at overall region level and sub-region level, but the characteristics of correlation varied greatly among four levels. The evolution of habitat quality is greatly influenced by topography and landscape pattern. The results could have certain theoretical and practical value for habitat protection and functional regulation of ecosystem in west Anhui Dabie Mountain area, which is an important ecological function area in China.