新疆城镇化与土地资源产出效益的空间分异及其协调性

通过探索性空间分析以及协调发展度函数对1995-2008年新疆城镇化水平和土地资源产出效益的空间效应及两者之间的协调发展程度进行了系统分析,得出结论:(1)新疆各县市城镇化水平和土地资源产出效益在空间上均呈现明显的空间集聚。总体而言天山北坡和南疆铁路沿线是城镇化和土地资源产出效益热点相对集中的区域。(2)从协调发展度来看,整体上呈现纺锤体结构,"弱者恒弱"的马太效应难以打破,南北疆城镇呈现不同的演变轨迹。(3)将新疆所有城镇分为同步协调型、城镇化滞后型、土地效益滞后型、逐步磨合型、低级协调型五种类型,其中同步协调型城镇较少,其他类型的城镇数量较为均等。

Spatio-temporal variation analysis of urbanization and land use benefit of oasis urban areas in Xinjiang

An oasis city is the area of arid land most sensitive to the effects of human activities. Land resources are the crucial factors in the regional development of the oasis area. The man-land relationship is more complex during the process of urbanization because of the limitation and vulnerability of oasis land resources. Whether the land use benefit constantly improves with the urban development is one of the key problems in the urbanization of arid areas. This paper examines the spatial patterns of land use benefits and urbanization and their interactions in Xinjiang Province in China. In order to do so, we draw on data associated with efficiency of land use and urbanization for the years 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008. The paper investigates the extent to which the agglomeration of population and economic activities varies geographically and interplays with spatial patterns of resource efficiency through computation of Global Moran's I index, Getis-Ord Gi^* index and a coordinated development model. The method used provides clear evidence that urbanization and land resource efficiency have uneven spatial patterns due to oasis distribution and the initial phase of urban development. More specifically, the paper concludes firstly that the urbanization and land resource efficiency of counties in Xinjiang appear to show spatial agglomeration. Two hot spots were concentrated mainly on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain and the counties along the southern Xinjiang railway. The levels of social and economic development and city construction in Xinjiang are highest in these two areas. The scale of oasis cities is generally small and based on oasis agriculture. The dominant patterns of regional city development in states in Xinjiang are currently either cities with a central hub or those developed along the traffic routes. The irregular patterns of regional development influence the agglomeration of urbanization and land use. The second conclusion is that oasis cities are obviously restricted in external contact with other cities owing to the closed nature of the oasis system. Once the center-peripheral mode of urbanization and land use has been formed, it is difficult to change it in the short term. Coordination between urbanization and land resource efficiency showed a "spindle" structure as a whole, suggesting a relatively stable Matthew Effect in which the strong get stronger and the weak get weaker. Areas in the northern and southern parts of Xinjiang have demonstrated different trajectories of development. The third conclusion is that by classifying the counties of Xinjiang into five categories of coordination between urbanization and land efficiency (areas with simultaneous coordination, urbanization-lagging, land efficiency-lagging, gradual adjusting and low level of coordination), very few of the urban areas in the study have shown simultaneous coordination, whereas there are relatively similar numbers of urban areas with other types of coordination.