中蜂抗菌物质的诱导

本文报道了用大肠杆菌注射处理中蜂Ａｐｉｓ ｃｅｒａｎａ Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ后，用含菌培养基平板测活法，就中蜂抗菌物质的产生规律及抗菌活性进行了初步研究。结果表明，不同诱导源均可诱导中蜂产生抗菌物质，但诱导的抗菌物质的抗菌活性则有一定的差异。用大肠杆菌重复诱导则使中蜂的成活率和抗菌物质的抗菌活性有很大提高。注射大肠杆菌后冲蜂抗菌物持产生高峰在４８小时左右。诱导后产生的抗菌物质具有广谱性，对大肠杆菌Ａｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａ　ｃｏｌｉ、枯草芽孢杆菌 Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ　 ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ、苏云金杆菌 Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ　ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇ－ｉｅｎｓｉｓ、巨大芽孢杆菌 Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ　ｍｅｇａｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ、黑腐菌 Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓ ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ　等均有抑菌作用，而对真菌白僵菌Ｂｅａｕｖｅｒｉａ　ｂａｓｓｉａｎａ未发现抑菌作用。中蜂麻醉方法以冷冻法最为简便、易行。

Induction of the antibacterial substances in the Chinese honeybee Apis cerana Fabricius.

Studies of the inducible antibacterial sdstances in insect haemolymph have been the main content in the resareh of insect immunity in recent years. However, the research interest have mainly been had on moths and flies. The antibacterial substances of the Chinese honeybee, Apis cerana Fabricius were studied by the authors for the first time.The honeybees were injected with Escbericbia coli JM109 and Other exotic material, and the antiheterial echvity of the immune hemolymoph was determined according to the ichbition zone on the plate seeded with bacteria. After a lag period the honeybees responded producing antibacterial substances in the haemolymph and the highest level of anti- baelteral aetivity was found after 48h. Antibacterial activity in the heamolymph of the honeybees injected twice with Escberichbia coli during the first 24h was higher than that of the bees injected once with the same bacteria during the same time. Heamolymph samples from the honeybees injected with different exotic material all exhibited antibacterial activity though the activity level was vallable, illustheing that the induction was independent of the antigen. The inducible antibacterial suhances in the haemolymph from honeybees have a broad - spectrum antibacterial actibacterial activity against both Gram - negative and Gram-positive bacteria, such as Escbericbia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus megatherium, Xantbomonas campesiris and so on. However, they have no antifungal activity.