植物抗虫“防御警备”: 概念、机理与应用

植物抗虫“防御警备”是指受到某些生物或者非生物因子刺激警备后,植物会提前做好抗虫防御准备,之后当再次受到害虫袭击时,植物会产生更加快速和强烈的抗虫防御反应,从而使自身抗虫性显著提高.这是近年来新发现的植物防御害虫的一种策略,是一种特殊的诱导抗虫机制.植食性昆虫的取食、分泌物、产卵、为害诱导的植物挥发物(HIPVs)以及某些有益微生物、植物营养元素、重金属和一些化学物质均可以引起植物产生抗虫防御警备.防御警备具有抗性高效、持久、环境友好,甚至可以遗传到子代等优点.本文综述了近年来有关植物抗虫防御警备的研究,主要概括了植物抗虫防御警备的一般特征、刺激警备因子和形成机制,并对其在生产实践中的应用前景进行了简要分析,提出了这一领域尚未解决的问题和亟待深入的研究方向.通过合适的方法使植物产生抗虫防御警备可以大大减少杀虫剂的使用,成为害虫综合防治的重要手段.

Plant anti-herbivore defense priming: Concept,mechanisms and application.

Plant anti-herbivore defense priming refers to the increased readiness of anti-herbivore defense after the initial exposure to a series of biotic or abiotic factors. The primed plants can respond to herbivory more quickly and strongly and thereby show enhanced resistance to insect herbivory. It is a newly recognized strategy of plant defense against insect herbivores. Insect feeding, secretion, oviposition, herbivore-inducible plant volatiles (HIPVs), beneficial microorgani-sms, certain plant nutrient elements, heavy metals and some chemical compounds have been found to be able to prime plant defense. The defense priming is highly efficient, durable, environmental friendly, and even trans-generational. This review summarized current research progress on the plant anti-herbivore defense priming in recent years, and analyzed general characteristics, priming agents and potential mechanisms involved, and proposed the future development and the perspective of practical application in the field. Moreover, the unresolved questions and the research directions in this field were also discussed. Appropriate management of plant defense priming would minimize use of insecticide and serve as an important approach of integrated pest management.