海南岛尖峰岭热带森林中几种雀形目鸟的移动

从 2 0 0 0年 5月— 2 0 0 2年 3月 ,用网捕 -环志法和固定样点法研究海南岛尖峰岭几种雀形目鸟的移动和行为。共调查样点 4 89个 ,记录到鸟类 137种。张网 6 4 2 6网小时 ,环志 4 1种 4 2 8只鸟。 8种 2 9只鸟被回收 32次 ,总回收率为 7 5 %。棕颈钩嘴鹛 (Pomatorhinusruficollis)、灰眶雀鹛 (Alcippemorrisonia)等 6种鸟活动高度多在 3m以下 ;白喉冠鹎 (Alophoixuspallidus)在 3 1～ 10 0m活动最频繁 ;银胸丝冠鸟 (Serilophuslu natus)活动高度在 3m以上。灰眶雀鹛的个体移动距离最大 ,为 115 0m ;银胸丝冠鸟平均移动距离最长 ,为6 5 0m。尖峰岭热带森林林下鸟以食虫鸟为主 ,食虫鸟移动的平均距离为 4 4 2 3m (n =2 7) ;而白喉冠鹎等食果鸟大多在环志点附近活动。鸟类移动的平均距离与植被类型有关 :在热带山地雨林原始林中的移动距离最大 ,为 6 86 5m (n =13) ;在热带常绿季雨林中的移动距离最小 ,为 89 6m (n =5 ) ;两者之间存在极显著差异(F3 ,2 8=5 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。鸟类移动的平均距离与翅长显著相关 (r =0 84 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,但与体重相关不显著(r=0 79,P >0 0 5 )。尖峰岭热带森林林下食虫鸟的活动范围较大 ,要保护好海南岛热带森林林下鸟 ,保存海南岛连片的大面积森林非常重要。

Movement of Several Species of Passeriformes in Tropicalv Rain Forest of Jianfengling,Hainan Island,China

In order to study spatial movements of understory birds, mist nets and point counts were used in primary tropical mountain rain forest (PTM), secondary tropical mountain rain forest (STM), secondary tropical evergreen monsoon forest (STE) and secondary tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest (STS) of Jianfengling, Hainan Island from May 2000 to March 2002. Sampled sites have a range of sea level from 190 m to 1 025 m. A total of 137 species were recorded. Red-flanked Bush Robin (Tarsiger cyanurus), Grey Thrush (Turdus cardis), White-crowned Forktail(Enicurus leschenaulti), Rufous-necked Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus ruficollis), Gould's Fulvetta (Alcippe brunnea) and Grey-cheeked Fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia) often act under 3 m forest. Though White-throated Bulbul (Alophoixus pallidus) mainly acts in range 3.1-10.0 m height, it often feeds under 3 m. Silver-breasted Broadbill (Serilophus lunatus) has never been seen under 3 m in the field, but it often is captured by mist nets because of flying way bellowing 3 m. So, these birds are the target species of movement study in the paper. A total of 428 individuals of 41 species were banded and 32 individuals of 8 species were recaptured during 6 426 net-hours. Total recapture rate was 7.5%. Grey-cheeked Fulvetta was recaptured most often, representing 43.8% of recaptured individuals. Of all species, Grey-cheeked Fulvetta moved the farthest (up to 1 150 m) from its banding location. Understory insectivorous birds form the most dominant groupintropicalforestofJianfengling.Amonginsectivorousbirds,Silver-breastedBroadbill,Grey-cheekedFulvettaandGould's Fulvetta moved furthest, their mean distance of movement were 650 m, 582 m and 387 m respectively. Frugivorous birds, such as White-throated Bulbul and Green-winged Bulbul (Hypsipetes mcclellandii) often move near banding points. The mean distance moved by insectivorous birds (442.3 m, n=27) was longer than that of frugivorous birds. Vegetation types affect the movement of birds. The mean distances moved by birds in PTM, STM, STE and STS were 686.5 m (n=13), 312.8 m (n=12), 89.6 m (n=5) and 195 m (n=2), respectively. The mean distance of movement in PTM was highly significantly farther than that in STE (F 3,28 =5.05, P<0.01). The mean movement distance of birds was significantly related with the length of wings (r=0.84, P<0.05), but not significantly related with body weights (r=0.79, P>0.05). Because insectivorous birds have a large range of movement, continuous forest in Hainan Island must be protected in order to conserve these understory insectivorous birds. Silver-breasted Broadbill is the typical understory insectivorous birds and species of key protection of China. It distributes only in tropical mountain rain forests, not in STE and STS at Jianfengling. Its protection deserves considerably attention.