掷孢酵母及其应用研究进展

掷孢酵母是一类能够弹射孢子(称为掷孢子)的酵母菌,主要由Bullera属、Sporobolomyces属和Sporidiobolus属组成,该类酵母分布广泛。在实验室培养过程中多以芽殖、掷孢子以及菌丝状生长,Sporidiobolus属的菌株经配对能够形成有性孢子。分子生物学手段的开展使掷孢酵母各类群间的系统发育关系更加明确。本文结合本实验室的研究结果,阐述了掷孢酵母存在的细胞分化现象,并且推测细胞分化有助于菌体抵抗逆境。因此,掷孢酵母可以作为一种潜在的模式生物对抗逆机制进行探究。在食品和环境问题备受瞩目的今天,掷孢酵母以其可自身积累酯类、色素、酶类等有益代谢产物的特点,及治理污染物特性越来越受到人们的关注。

Ballistosporous yeasts: a review on systematics, cell differentiation, and their applications

Ballistosporous yeasts can catapult spores (called ballistospore), which consist of genera Bullera, Sporobolomyces and Sporidiobolus. They widely distribute in various environments. Ballistosporous yeasts mostly grow in the morphology of budding, ballistospore and mycelium in laboratory Sporidiobolus form the sexual spores by pairing. Owning to the development of molecular biology, the phylogenetic relationship between all kinds of ballistosporous yeasts become more clearly. This paper indicates that cell differentiation phenomenon exist in ballistosporous yeasts in combination with the research results in our lab, and conjectures cell differentiation would contribute to resist environmental stress. Consequently, ballistosporous yeast would be a potential model organism to explore mechanisms for stress resistance. Because the problems in food and environment are increasingly prominent, ballistosporous yeasts, which have ability to accumulate a large amount of useful metabolites (such as esters, pigments, enzymes) and also take part in environmental management, are paid more and more attention.