大尺度陆地生态系统管理的理论基础及其应用研究的思考

大尺度陆地生态系统管理是解决当前全球资源环境挑战、应对气候变化、治理区域生态环境、实现社会经济可持续发展的重要技术途径,是全球自然资源和生态保护理论及应用研究的热点。本文采用对过去20年间的几个国际大型生态系统管理行动计划跟踪分析方法,从生态系统管理学科发展、理论基础及应用研究的视角,对生态系统管理概念及其应用问题进行了重新思考,具体内容包括以下3个方面: 首先,回顾了生态系统管理科学概念及应用实践的发展历程,讨论了概念的内涵及其再定义,归纳了生态系统管理社会实践及其对学科发展的贡献。其次,明确了生态系统管理研究的科技使命及基本任务,梳理了生态系统管理科学的科学体系及其主要研究领域,概括了生态系统管理科学的生态学基础理论及知识体系,明确了生态系统管理行动的关键环节、管理方案的基本要素与管理途径。最后,分析了生态系统管理科学研究及学科发展的新趋势,讨论了生态系统管理科学的重点研究空间尺度和对象系统,提出了全球生态系统管理的前沿科学问题,整合生态学研究思维及宏生态系统途径,以期为中国的生态系统管理科学研究及学科发展提供参考。

Thinking on large-scale terrestrial ecosystem management and its theoretical fundament and practice

Ecosystem management at large scales is one of the core solutions to solve current global challenges of environmental and resources problem,mitigate climate change,govern ecosystems and environments regionally and achieve sustainable development.It is also a hotspot in the research and practice of conservation of global natural resources and ecosystems.Based on recalling and synthesizing of several large international actions on ecosystem management in the past two decades,this article rethought the concept of ecosystem management and its application from the perspective of discipline development of ecosystem management,theoretical fundaments and practices.The content included three parts:firstly,we reviewed the development of the scientific concept and practice of ecosystem management,discussed the connotations of the concept and redefined it,and summarized the practice of ecosystem management and its contribution to the development of the discipline.Secondly,we clarified the scientific and technological mission and basic tasks of ecosystem management,organized the discipline system of ecosystem management and its main research fields,summarized fundamental theories and the knowledge system of the science of ecosystem management,and clarified critical steps of ecosystem management actions,basic elements of management plans and management approaches.Finally,we proposed new trends of scientific research and the discipline development of ecosystem management,discussed the important spatial scales and its objects system of the scientific research on ecosystem management,proposed the cutting-edge scientific questions of global ecosystem management,integrative ecology thought and macro ecosystem approach.This review aimed at providing references for the scientific research and discipline deve-lopment of ecosystem management in China.