爆裂玉米胚乳数量性状的遗传研究

采用三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法，研究了4个爆裂玉米膨爆特性的胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。结果表明，百粒重、膨化体积的遗传同时由3套遗传体系所控制，百粒重的细胞质、膨化体积的母体和细胞质遗传率较高。爆花率和膨化倍数受胚乳和母体2套遗传体系的影响，且遗传率相近。爆花率和膨化倍数的直接和母体杂种优势均为负值。要组配出优良爆裂玉米杂交种，必须首先选育出膨爆特性突出的自交系，同时还要注意不同自交系的恰当组配。在6个供试自交系中，必须首先选育出膨爆特性突出的自交系，同时还要注意不同自交系的恰当组配。在6个供试自交系中，P3，P4适宜用作母本，P5则适宜作父本。

Genetic Studies of Endosperm Quantitative Traits of Popcorn

The endosperm direct, maternal and cytoplasmic effects of four expansion characters are studied by genetic model for triploid endosperm plant seeds using 6 popcorn inbreds and their F1,F2,BC1 and BC2 generations, the result shows that the inheritance of 100-grain weight, popping volume is controlled by the three genetic systems and for the popping rate and expansion fold by two ones.The cytoplamic heritability of grain weight and popping volume, and the maternal heritabil-ity for popping volume is great. The direct and maternal heritabilities are great and almost equall. The endosperm direct arid maternal heteroses for popping rate and expansion fold are all negative. So to make elite popcorn hybrids, good inbreds with outstanding expansion characteristics must be selected first and the proper crossing must be considered at the same time. In the 6 popcorn inbreds for this study, using P3 and P\ as female is better, but it is better to use P5 as male.