配合饲料和鲢鱼肉对大鲵生长的比较试验

为探讨人工配合饲料和鲢鱼肉对大鲵生长、消化和抗氧化能力的影响, 试验选取初始体重为(20.99±0.15) g的大鲵幼体48尾, 随机分成2组, 每组3个重复, 每个重复8尾, 分别投喂人工配合饲料(粗蛋白55.67%, 粗脂肪6.83%)和鲢鱼肉(粗蛋白18.03%, 粗脂肪4.11%)共92d。结果显示: (1)饲料组大鲵的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质沉积率(PRR)和肌肉蛋白质合成能力均显著高于鱼肉组, 饲料系数(FCR)和存活率(SR)在两个试验组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)在大鲵摄食人工配合饲料后, 全鲵粗蛋白、皮肤胶原蛋白及粗灰分含量均显著高于鱼肉组(P<0.05), 而全鲵水分、粗脂肪与肌肉的粗脂肪和粗灰分含量显著低于鱼肉组(P<0.05)。(3)饲喂鲢鱼肉的大鲵胃蛋白酶活性显著高于饲料组(P<0.05), 而两个试验组的胃H+-K+-ATP酶和肠道消化酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(4)饲喂人工配合饲料的大鲵肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于鱼肉组(P<0.05), 而肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量低于鱼肉组(P<0.05), 两个试验组的肠道抗氧化指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明, 在实验条件下, 大鲵可主动摄食人工配合饲料, 而且相比于投喂新鲜鲢鱼肉, 人工配合饲料饲喂大鲵, 在提高生长性能、促进大鲵合成皮肤胶原蛋白和肝脏抗氧化能力等方面更具优势, 说明人工配合饲料可以替代新鲜饵料成为大鲵的主要饵料。

COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENT ON FORMULATED DIET AND SILVER CARP MEAT FOR GROWTH OF THE GIANT SALAMANDER(ANDRIAS DAVIDIANUS)

To study the effects of formulated diet and silver carp meat on the growth,digestion and antioxidant capacity of the giant salamander,a total of 48 juveniles of giant salamanders with an initial body weight of(20.99±0.15)g were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates,each containing 8 giant salamanders.These two groups fish were fed artificial formulated diet(55.67%crude protein and 6.83%crude fat)and silver carp meat(18.03%crude protein and 4.11%crude fat)for 92 days.The results showed that:(1)the weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),protein deposition rate(PRR)and muscle protein synthesis ability of giant salamander in the feed group were significantly higher than those in the fish meat group.There was no significant difference in feed coefficient(FCR)and survival rate(SR)between two groups(P>0.05).(2)the contents of crude protein,skin collagen and crude ash in the diet group were significantly higher than those in the fish meat group(P<0.05),while the contents of water,crude fat and muscle crude fat and crude ash in the whole body were significantly lower than those in the fish meat group(P<0.05).(3)the pepsinase activity of the giant salamander fed with silver carp meat was significantly higher than that of the feed group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in H+-K+ATPase activity in stomach and digestive enzyme activity in intestine between two groups(P>0.05).(4)total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in the liver of the giant salamander fed with artificial formulated diet were significantly higher than those of the fish meat group(P<0.05),while malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the liver was lower than that of the fish meat group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in intestinal antioxidant index between two groups(P>0.05).These results indicated that artificial compound feed can improve giant salamander growth performance,the synthesis of skin collagen and liver antioxidant capacity,suggesting that artificial formulated diet can replace fresh bait as the main bait for the giant salamander.