湛江市外来植物入侵状况

目的]了解湛江市外来入侵植物的种类特征、生活型、起源和危害情况等，对制定预防和控制管理措施提供参考。方法]以野外调查为主，结合文献资料、网络资源以及标本数据，确定湛江市外来入侵植物的种类、生活型、原产地、引入途径，并进行评估及划分危害等级。结果]湛江市现有外来入侵植物共112种(含变种)，隶属于37科89属，其中，菊科(21种)、禾本科(13种)和豆科(13种)为种类较多的3个科，三者合计占湛江市外来入侵植物总种数的41.96%。湛江市外来入侵植物中以草本植物居多(98种)，占入侵植物总数的87.50%。入侵植物主要来源于美洲，共82种，占总种数的73.21%;且55.36%(62种)的入侵植物为有意引入。从危害等级看，外来入侵植物中恶性入侵种(1级)23种，严重入侵种(2级)35种，局部入侵种(3级)21种，一般入侵种(4级)15种，有待观察种(5级)18种。结论]湛江市的外来入侵植物种类繁多，这与湛江独特的地理位置以及日趋频繁的人类活动息息相关，应当加强监管与防范，及时对外来物种进行治理。

Analysis of the alien invasive plants in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China

Aim] This study aimed to examine the characteristics, life form, origin, and damage of alien invasive plants in Zhanjiang, and to provide a scientific decision-making basis for their management.Method] Species composition, life form, origin, and introduction pathways were obtained through a combination of field investigations, literature review, Internet resources, and specimen records.Result] A total of 112 invasive alien species belonging to 37 families and 89 genera were identified. The families with the highest number of species were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae (21, 13, and 13 species, respectively), accounting for 41.96% of all species recorded. Most recorded invasive alien species were herbaceous (98 species:87.50%). The primary method of introduction was intentional by humans (62 species:55.36%). Invasive plants primarily originated from America (82 species:73.21%). In terms of invasiveness risk of all species, 23 were aggressively invasive (grade 1), 35 were seriously invasive (grade 2), 21 were locally invasive (grade 3), 15 were generally invasive (grade 4), and 18 had insufficient data (grade 5).Conclusion] A large number of alien invasive plant species were found in Zhanjiang. This is likely related to its unique geographical location and increasingly frequent human activities. Therefore, we should promptly strengthen the supervision and control of invasive plants in this region.