间质性肺疾病患者生活质量与肺功能和焦虑抑郁情绪的关系及其影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨间质性肺疾病（ILD）患者生活质量与肺功能和焦虑抑郁情绪的关系及其影响因素。方法：选取2019年3月至2020年10月期间我院收治的100例ILD患者。比较ILD患者与一般人群的圣乔治呼吸问卷（SGRQ）评分、肺功能指标第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、肺总量（TLC）及一氧化碳弥散量（DLCo）]；观察患者的医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）评分（该评分包括焦虑和抑郁评分两部分）；分析ILD患者的SGRQ评分与肺功能指标，焦虑、抑郁评分的相关性；单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析ILD患者生活质量的影响因素。结果：ILD患者的SGRQ各维度评分及总分均高于一般人群，FVC、FEV₁、TLC及DLCo均低于一般人群（P<0.05）；ILD患者焦虑评分和抑郁评分均较高；ILD患者SGRQ各维度评分均与FVC、FEV1、TLC和DLCo呈负相关（P<0.05），均与焦虑评分和抑郁评分呈正相关（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示，不同年龄、是否吸烟、不同收入情况的ILD患者生活质量有差异（P<0.05）；多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示DLCo、FVC、焦虑和抑郁情绪是ILD患者生活质量的影响因素（P<0.05），其中焦虑情绪对其生活质量的影响最为显著。结论：ILD患者的生活质量与肺功能和焦虑抑郁情绪有关，提示临床工作中可通过干预ILD患者肺功能和焦虑抑郁情绪以改善其生活质量。

The Relationship between Quality of Life and Lung Function and Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease and Analysis of Their Influence Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the relationship between quality of life and lung function and anxiety and depression in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and its influencing factors. Methods: 100 patients with ILD in our hospital from March 2019 to October 2020 were selected. The St George''s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score and lung function indicators forced Expiratory Volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung Capacity (TLC) and carbon Monoxide Diffusion Capacity (DLCo)] of the patients with ILD and general population were compared; the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) scores (the score includes anxiety and depression scores) were observed; the correlation between SGRQ score and lung function indicators, anxiety and depression scores in patients with ILD were analyzed; Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of quality of life in patients with ILD. Results: The SGRQ scores and total scores of ILD patients were higher than those of the general population, while FVC, FEV₁, TLC and DLCO were lower than those of the general population (P<0.05); ILD patients had higher anxiety and depression scores; each dimension of SGRQ of patients with ILD were negatively correlated with FVC, FEV₁, TLC and DLCo (P<0.05), and positively correlated with anxiety score and depression score (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the quality of life of ILD patients with different age, smoking or not, and income was different (P<0.05); Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that DLCo, FVC, anxiety and depression were the influencing factors of quality of life of patients with ILD (P<0.05), and anxiety emotion had the most significant effect on their quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life of patients with ILD is related to lung function and anxiety and depression emotion, suggesting that clinical work can improve the quality of life of patients with ILD by intervening lung function and anxiety and depression emotion.