不同地区蜂胶和树胶的红外谱图分析

蜂胶有抗菌、抗病毒、保肝、抗癌等功效，被誉为“紫色黄金”，而当前蜂胶市场制假掺假现象愈演愈烈。为快速鉴别蜂胶的真假与优劣，以41种中国蜂胶、一种美国蜂胶和两种树胶为实验材料，利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪采集其红外谱图，以青海蜂胶为参照样品分析相似度，并利用主成分分析法进行数据解读。结果表明，所有蜂胶在2 848.53～2 849.08和2 916.76～2 917.74 cm-1两个区域都存在特征峰，而树胶在这两个区域内无特征峰。树胶的特征峰区域为1 150～1 300和1 550～1 650 cm-1。通过这些差异可以快速甄别蜂胶和树胶，鉴别真假蜂胶。以具有较高品质的青海蜂胶为参照物，匹配性分析显示，树胶与蜂胶完全不匹配，而42种蜂胶样品均与青海蜂胶有较高的匹配度（>80%），PCA结果显示，蜂胶和树胶，以及不同气候带、不同颜色的蜂胶可以较好区分开来。本研究首次基于红外光谱技术对不同蜂胶进行分析，有望建立蜂胶真假及优劣鉴定的新方法。

Inf rared Spectrum Analysis of Propolis and Tree Gum Collected f rom Different Areas

Propolis possesses functions of antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and liver protection, and is known as the “purple gold”, however, the phenomenon which making and selling of counterfeit are growing in intensity. In order to establish a authenticity and quality of propolis evaluation model, in this paper, forty-one Chinese propolis, one proplis from United States and two tree gums were used for experimental materials. The infrared spectrum collection was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used for data analysis. The result showed that, the infrared spectrum of propolis and tree gum were significantly different. The propolis characteristic peak only appeared in 2 500～3 500 and 400～1 800 cm-1. All propolis had two frequency region of characteristic peaks, 2 849.08～2 848.53 and 2 917.74～2 916.76 cm-1, but tree gum did not have characteristic peak in this region. The characteristic peaks of gum were in 1 150～1 300 and 1 550～1 650 cm-1. Differences in these aspects can be used to distinguish propolis and gum, and can be used to identify true and false propolis. We use Qinghai propolis as a standard sample, in 42 samples, the matching degree of other propolis is >80%. In addition, the result of PCA shows that tree gum and the propolis from different climate zone, or with different colors could be distinguished well. This paper firstly performed analysis on different propolis and gum by infrared spectrum, and a new method, for authenticity and quality of propolis identification, could be developed.