Uncertainty analysis of energy measurements in natural gas transmission networks |
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| Affiliation: | 1. DICeM, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy;2. Palmer, Scientific and Technological Park of Southern Lazio, Via Carrara 12/A, 04100 Latina, Italy;1. Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France;2. UVHC, TEMPO, F-59313 Valenciennes, France;1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;2. Institute of metrology of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, 638060, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, India;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Shinas, PC-324, Oman;4. Department of Automobile Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, 638060, India;1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The value of natural gas depends on the energy obtainable from its combustion. Despite this, natural gas measurement and billing are normally performed using volume measurements subsequently converted into base conditions. Thus, to correctly achieve network balancing and accurate billings, both civil and industrial natural gas consumptions should be measured in energy. Unfortunately, energy measurements for natural gas are actually possible only in an indirect way by means of complex measurement chains with a flow-meter, a volume conversion device and a gas chromatograph or gas analyzer. Moreover, for technical and economic reasons, gas quality is often considered as constant and known despite the unavoidable variations due to the mixing of gases from different origins and type (i.e. importations, national productions, liquefied, biogas).In this paper the authors present the results of a detailed metrological experimental analysis of the typical energy measurement plants installed in natural gas networks. Modern networks are characterized by a wide variety of flow-rate measurement principles, constructive technologies and plant configurations. Therefore, flow regimes, thermodynamic conditions and chemical properties of the gas play a crucial role in determining metrological performance of natural gas energy measurements and uncertainties can become critical for inaccurate billing and unaccounted for gas. |
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| Keywords: | Natural gas Energy measurement Uncertainty UAG Billing Transmission network |
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