基于原子体系的量子惯性传感器研究现状

惯性传感器的性能直接决定了惯性导航系统的精度。 基于原子体系的量子惯性传感器有望在更小体积和更低成本下 达到传统惯性传感器的性能,且理论上可以获得比现有技术更高的测量灵敏度和长期稳定性。 近些年随着量子精密测量领域 的快速发展,量子惯性传感器的实用化和工程化方面研究进展显著,未来通过替代传统加速度计和陀螺仪,有可能形成高度集 成、低功耗和低漂移的量子惯性导航系统。 文章简要介绍了基于原子体系的量子惯性传感器的基本原理,总结了以原子干涉陀 螺仪、原子自旋陀螺仪、原子干涉加速度计、原子干涉重力仪和重力梯度仪为主的量子惯性传感器研究现状,并对有待解决的关 键技术问题进行了梳理和分析,可为量子惯性传感器的发展提供参考。

Research status of the quantum inertial sensor based on the atomic system

The performance of the inertial sensor directly determines the accuracy of the inertial navigation system. The quantum inertial sensor based on the atomic system is expected to achieve the performance of the traditional inertial sensor with a smaller volume and lower cost, and theoretically can obtain higher measurement sensitivity and long-term stability than the existing technology. In recent years, with the rapid development of the field of quantum precision measurement, the practical and engineering research of quantum inertial sensors has made remarkable progress. In the future, by replacing traditional accelerometers and gyroscopes, it is possible to form a highly integrated, low-power, and low-drift quantum inertial navigation system. This article briefly introduces the basic principles of quantum inertial sensors based on atomic systems, and summarizes the current research status of quantum inertial sensors mainly including atomic interference gyroscope, atomic spin gyroscope, atomic interference accelerometer, atomic interference gravimeter, and gravity gradiometer. The article also reviews and analyzes key technical issues that need to be solved. It provides valuable insight for the development of quantum inertial sensors.