小型电动汽车车架的设计与轻量化改进

车架作为电动汽车的主要承载结构,其强度和刚度在汽车总体设计中起着非常重要的作用,车架的轻量化研究也具有重要意义。以小型电动汽车为研究对象,设计一款车架,建立有限元模型,分析其在弯曲和扭转2种工况下的应力和变形,并对车架进行模态分析;根据分析结果,以轻量化为目标对车架进行优化,运用截面尺寸优化方法,通过改变梁的横截面面积和改变车架体积,最终实现车架的轻量化。结果表明,车架质量较初步设计减少了10.6%,强度和刚度均符合要求,车架的轻量化目标基本完成。

Design and lightweight improvement of small electric vehicle frame

As the main load-bearing structure of electric vehicle,the strength and stiffness of the frame play a very important role in the overall design of the vehicle,and the lightweight research of the frame is also of great significance.Taking small electronic vehicle as research object,A frame of small electric vehicle was designed,and the finite element model was established.The stress and deformation of the frame under bending and torsion conditions were analyzed,and the modal analysis of the frame was carried out.According to the analysis results,the frame was optimized with the goal of lightweight.By using the optimization method of cross-section size,through changing the cross-section area of the beam and the volume of the frame,the lightweight of the frame was finally realized.The results show that the frame’s weight was reduced by 10.6%compared with the preliminary design,the strength and stiffness meet the requirements,and the lightweight goal was basically achieved.