风云卫星的红外遥感亮度温度国家计量标准装置

综述了国际上美国、德国、俄罗斯的典型红外遥感亮度温度标准装置的研究现状,着重介绍了由中国计量科学研究院研制的用于风云卫星红外载荷黑体定标的红外遥感亮度温度国家计量标准装置(VRTSF)。给出了VRTSF的设计方案,描述了它的结构和光路。设计了满足风云卫星红外载荷定标黑体工作环境的真空低背景实验舱,建立了满足量值溯源需求的标准黑体辐射源作为量值标准器。标准变温黑体辐射源的温度覆盖190K~340K,口径为30mm,空腔发射率为0.999 9,温度不确定度优于50mK@300K/10μm(k=2)。该装置的光谱为(1-1 000)μm,光谱分辨率为0.2cm-1,可满足多种红外载荷的定标需求。该装置具有高温度不确定度水平、高光谱分辨率和扩展性强等特点,如未来该装置温度覆盖至(100-500)K,将会满足大部分红外载荷量值的溯源需求。

Vacuum radiance temperature national standard facility for Infrared remote sensors of Chinese Fengyun meteorological satellites

The state-of-the art of the typical national standard vacuum radiance temperature facilities for infrared remote sensing in America, Germany, and Russia were introduced. Especially, the Vacuum Radiance Temperature National Standard Facility (VRTSF) developed by National Institute of Metrology of China for calibrating the radiance temperature of Chinese Fengyun meteorological satellite was described in detail. The design scheme of the VRTSF was given and its structure and optical path were introduced. The vacuum reduced background chamber for the big aperture blackbody was built to calibrate the infrared remote sensor, and the standard value of the radiance temperature was transmitted from the standard blackbody to the customer blackbody by a Fourer Transform Infrared Radiometer(FTIR). The temperature range of the standard blackbody is from 190 K to 340 K with a diameter of 30 mm and emissivity of 0.9999 in a cavity. The uncertainty of this blackbody is 5 050 mK@300 K/10 μm. The wavelength range of the VRTSF is 1 μm to 1 000 μm and its resolution is 0.2 cm^-1,which supports the requirements of lots of infrared remote sensing. The VRTSF built at the NIM China is characterized by higher uncertainty, higher spectral resolution and stronger expansibility. The temperature range of the VRTSF will expand to 100 K-500 K in future, which can meet the requirements for calibration of the most of infrared remote sensing instruments.