Stereo vision for 3D measurement: accuracy analysis, calibration and industrial applications

This paper evaluates the accuracy of different camera calibration and measurement methods used in 3D stereo vision with CCD cameras. These methods are evaluated by means of several precision tests, determining their error limits under specified conditions of operation. To check the precision of such systems, a CMM and some calibration objects, such as grids, plates, spheres, etc. are used. Two practical applications are described: a cost-effective system for the measurement of free-form surfaces, able to generate CAD models and measuring programs for CMMs. The system aims to reduce some difficulties associated with stereo vision and to speed up the traditional digitizing process. The other application involves car frame measurement. A new automatic measuring system has been developed, allowing contactless car frame measurement through two rotating CCD cameras.