关于制造科技与制造业发展战略问题的思考

讨论了制造科技与制造业对国家和国民经济的重大意义;批判了把制造业称为“夕阳工业”的论断;质疑以第三产业作为经济发展水平判据的观点;指出“制造业是实现现代化工业的水之源、木之本,是实现现代化工业的保障和原动力,是国家实力的脊梁。是支持共和国大厦的基石,没有强大制造能力的国家永远成不了经济强国。” 辩析科学与技术的相互关系。认为科学是技术的基础,科学是潜在的生产力,技术是直接的生产力,科学只有通过技术（特别是制造技术）才能成为现实的生产力。当前,应用研究对于中国显得更为迫切需要。应用研究上不去,工业生产技术也上不去,核心技术只好依赖国外,结果将永远受制于人,经济发展和国家安全都没有保障。 21世纪中心科学技术（central science ＆ technology）转移的趋势是从信息科学技术到生物科学技术（包括生命科学技术）再到认知科学技术（智能科学技术）。NBICM汇聚技术将会引发一场新的产业革命,实现科技与经济发展的新突破,并将人类社会带入创新与繁荣的新时代。 制造技术重点研发项目的选择,必须适应世界经济与科技的发展趋势和适应我国对科技、经济和社会发展的需求。先进制造技术是提升我国综合国力的关键技术。在先进制造技术中,应特别重视下列几方面的制造技术：绿色制造、精密制造、微电子制造、生物制造、微/纳制造、能源设备制造、重大型装备制造、制造自动化、数字制造和智能制造。 当前,我国应重点发展先进装备制造,一是为国民经济产业提供现代化的成套精良设备,二是提供制造上述产业装备的制造手段。在各类先进装备制造的研发过程中。尤其要注意攻克研制大型装备（如大型飞机、载人航天、登月工程、高速列车、大型客船、大型油船和大型火、水、核电机组等）的制造和微电子芯片制造设备的技术难关。 中国制造科技与制造业的历史重任是为使中国进入创新型国家行列,从制造大国走向制造强国,为在21世纪中叶我国成为世界强国奠定基础。由创新技术驱动的高附加值的先进制造,将成为21世纪提升中国国家竞争力和企业竞争力的关键。

Thinking about Development of Manufacturing Science and Technology and Manufacturing Industry in China

A discussion on the importance of manufacturing science and technology and manufacturing industry to the nation and the national economy is proposed."the sunset industry" attribute of manufacturing industry is criticized.The viewpoint of taking the third industry as the criterion for the level of economic development is questioned.It is pointed out that the significant value of manufacturing industry consists in that it is the foundation to realize industry modernization,the guarantee and the initial motivation for industrialization,the backbone of comprehensive national strength,and the footstone supporting the mansion of our country.A country without its own powerful manufacturing capability will never become an economic power.As the basis of technology,science is potential productivity while technology is direct productivity.Only by means of technology,especially manufacturing technology,will it be possible for science to become actual productivity.At present,the application research appears more urgent for China.With no success in application research,there would be no success in industrial manufacturing technology and China would forever be controlled by others with even no guarantee for her economic development and national security.The central science and technology shift trend in the 21st century is from info-science and technology to bio-science andtechnology(including life-science and technology),and further to cognitive science and technology(intelligent science and technology).NBICM converging technology will induce an industrial revolution to bring about new breakthroughs in science and technology and economic development.Therefore,the selection of key R&D project of manufacturing technology should accommodate to developing trend of world economy and science and technology as well as China's demand for development of science,technology,economy and society.Advanced manufacturing technology is the linchpin technology for increasing China's comprehensive national strength.Of all sophisticated manufacturing technologies,special attention should be given to green manufacturing,precision manufacturing,microelectronic manufacturing,bio-manufacturing,micro/nano-manufacturing,energy equipment manufacturing,heavy and large-sized equipment manufacturing,manufacturing automation,digital manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. At present,it is advisable for China to develop advanced equipment manufacturing to provide the national economic industry with complete sets of sophisticated equipment on the one hand,and the means of manufacturing the above-mentioned industrial equipments on the other.In the R&D process of advanced equipment manufacturing,in particular,the greatest care should be taken to solve the technical difficulties in developing the manufacturing equipment for heavy and large-sized equipments,such as large airplane,manned spaceflight,moon landing project,high-speed train,large passenger ship,large oil tank,large thermo,hydro and nuclear power generator units and microelectronics. The historical mission of China's manufacturing science and technology and manufacturing industry is to lay the foundation for China to join the rank of the world's innovative countries,to advance from a large manufacturing country into a manufacturing power,and to become a great power in the middle of this century.Innovation-driven advanced manufacturing with high added-value will be the linchpin in enhancing the competitiveness of China as a nation and that of her enterprises.