基于车内噪声的轨道衰减率限值研究

轨道衰减率是反映钢轨动态特性的重要指标，决定了钢轨的有效声辐射长度，进一步影响轮轨噪声和车内噪声。我国地铁轨道结构型式较多，轨道衰减率也相应地并不统一，目前我国没有轨道衰减率的相关标准，现有的国际轨道衰减率标准并不能与我国车内噪声标准相对应，因此，研究轨道衰减率与车内噪声的内在关联，对基于噪声限值的轨道衰减率控制具有重要意义。首先建立轨道振动预测模型，基于现场测试对模型进行验证，并基于仿真预测分析扣件系统参数对衰减率的影响。根据有限元-边界元方法和轨道衰减率对轮轨噪声的贡献关系，建立基于轨道衰减率的轮轨噪声预测模型；根据线路试验研究，建立轮轨噪声和车内噪声的传递函数，从而采取仿真与试验联合的手段，以轮轨噪声为"桥梁"，建立轨道衰减率和车内噪声的对应关系，根据车内噪声限值，量化分析基于车内噪声控制的轨道衰减率限值，确定较为优化的扣件系统参数。成果可为基于车内噪声的轨道衰减率控制，以及扣件系统参数优化设计提供参考。

Study on the Limiting Value of the Rail Decay Rate Based on Interior Noise

Rail decay rate is an important indicator to reflect the dynamic properties of the rail, which determines the effective radiating length of the rail, and has an effect on wheel-rail noise and interior noise. There are many types of rail track in Chinese metro lines whose decay rates are significantly different. China has no relevant standards for rail decay rate at present, and the existing international standard cannot correspond with the Chinese railway noise standard. So, researching the relationship between the interior noise and rail decay rate is significant in controlling the rail decay rate based on interior noise limit. Rail vibration prediction model, which is verified by the field test results, is established to analyze the effect of the fastener parameters on rail decay rate. The wheel/rail noise simulation model is established based on the rail decay rate according to the FEM-BEM and the relationship between the decay rate and wheel/rail noise. Then the transfer relationship between wheel/rail noise and interior noise is obtained according to the field test. Simulation combined with field test method is used in this research to establish the correspondence between the track attenuation rate and the interior noise, in which the wheel/rail noise plays a role of a bridge. Next, the decay rate limit based on interior noise is quantified according to the interior noise. Finally, fastener parameters according to the decay rate character is optimized. The related research results provide a reference on rail decay rate control based on interior noise and fastener parameters optimization.