车轮多边形磨耗统计规律及关键影响因素分析

针对列车车轮多边形磨耗问题广泛存在于轨道交通运输领域,会导致车辆/轨道系统产生高频的振动冲击,严重影响车辆和轨道系统零部件的使用寿命,危及行车安全这一问题,调查了大量车轮的多边形磨耗情况并进行统计分析,掌握了高速列车车轮多边形磨耗问题的现状和特点。以18～20阶多边形磨耗车辆为例,通过理论研究和试验分析(试验分析包括车辆系统振动特性测试和转向架模态特性测试),对车轮多边形磨耗的根本原因及诱导因素进行研究。研究发现,轮轨系统在580 Hz频率附近存在固有模态是导致车辆发生18～20阶多边形磨耗的根本原因,轮轨表面的各种不平顺能激发或者加剧轮轨系统在580 Hz频率附近的模态共振,从而诱发车轮多边形磨耗的产生。该结果可为高速列车车轮多边形磨耗问题的防止和进一步研究提供参考。

The Statistical Research and Induction Factor of Polygonal Wear of High-Speed Train Wheels

The polygonal wear of train wheel commonly occurs on railway transport and it causes strong vibration and noise in railway vehicles and tracks. Serious polygonal wear can threaten the running safety of the train. In this paper, more than thousands sets of polygonal wheels are tested and the test data are statistically analyzed to find out the present status and the features of the polygonal wear of train wheels. As an example, theoretical analysis and experimental study are used to find out the root cause of 18th~20th order polygonal wear. The results show that the root cause of polygonal wear is in connection with the high frequency (580 Hz) flexible resonance of the wheel-rail system. The high frequency (580 Hz) flexible resonance of the wheel-rail system occurs under the fierce excitation of wheel/rail irregularities. The work can be utilized to prevent polygonal wheels occurrence and to provide references for further study.