红外光谱法快速鉴别可降解一次性塑料制品

研究了快速鉴别可降解一次性塑料制品成分的方法。首先利用衰减全反射红外光谱方法采集市场常见生物降解塑料的红外光谱图,作为标准对照谱图。然后收集市场一次性可降解塑料制品,包括塑料袋、餐盒、餐具、杯子、吸管等,用手术刀切下制品薄层,采用衰减全反射红外光谱法对薄层进行表征,结合生物降解塑料标准对照谱图及常见塑料填料标准谱图确定一次性塑料制品成分。在此基础上选择有代表性的一次性塑料制品的红外谱图,建立一次性可降解塑料制品标准红外谱图库。结果表明:采集样品材质可分三大类,分别以聚乳酸、淀粉、聚对苯二甲酸/己二酸/丁二酯为主体添加适当填料。未知样品与谱库数据匹配度,可作为未知样品的初步判定依据。可见通过红外光谱衰减全反射分析方法可以对可降解一次性塑料制品材质成分进行分析,该方法无需前处理,操作简单,为大批量可降解包装制品检测提供了一种简便、快捷、准确的方法。

Rapid detection of composition of biodegradable plastic products by infrared spectroscopy

Biodegradable plastic products were collected from market,and analyzed by Attenuated Total Refraction-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR).The composition of these products was determined by comparing their FTIR spectrogram with the standard spectrum of common plastic fillers.On this basis,the standard ATR-FTIR spectrogram library of representative biodegradable plastic products was established.The materials could be divided into three main categories,polylactic acid(PLA),starch,and polyethylene terephthalic acid/adipic acid/butylene(PBAT).The matching degree between the unknown sample and the standard spectrum could be used as basis of preliminary determination of the unknown sample.This method is simple,fast and accurate.