几种杀虫剂对平菇中菇蝇抑制作用的研究

目的 通过田间试验评价5种杀虫剂对菇蝇的药效及其对平菇生长的安全性。方法 在菇房条件下研究5种农药对菇蝇的防治效果, 并分析施药后不同时间平菇中的农药残留。结果 25%噻虫嗪, 25%吡蚜酮和25%吡蚜酮+25%噻虫嗪具有很好的防治效果, 而且使用后对平菇产量没有影响。50%的多菌灵, 50%的灭蝇胺的防治效果较差, 且对平菇的产量有影响。25%噻虫嗪, 25%吡蚜酮和25%吡蚜酮+25%噻虫嗪混合液使用 7 d后3种处理均未检测到农药残留。50%的多菌灵, 50%的灭蝇胺药后10 d仍能检测到残留。结论 噻虫嗪和吡蚜酮适宜作为菇蝇害虫的防治药剂, 对平菇影响小, 低残留等特点, 对菇蝇防治效果较好。

Effects of five insecticides on phorid flies and their residue analysis in Pleurotus ostreatus

Objective The field trials were conducted to ascertain the control efficacy of the five insecticides against the pest of phorid flies, and their biological safety on Pleurotus ostreatus were also evaluated. Methods Effects of five widely used insecticides on phorid flies were assessed in nursing house of the edible fungi. The side effects of tested insecticides on mycelium growth of edible fungi and insecticide residues were also observed. Results The results showed that the excellent controlling efficiencies to phorid flies were founded after 25% thiamethoxam, 25% pymetrozine and 25% thiamethoxam+25% pymetrozine mixture treatments than that of other insecticides treatments and no effect on yield after used the three treatments. The poor controlling efficiencies to phorid flies were founded after 50% carbendazim and 50% cyromazine treatments and caused yield loss after used the two treatments . Residues of 25% thiamethoxam, 25% pymetrozine and 25% thiamethoxam +25% pymetrozine mixture were no detectable on 7th day after used. The residues of 50% carbendazim and 50% cyromazine were founded on 10th day after spraying. Conclusion In summary, thiazoxam and pyrazone are suitable insecticides for the control of Pleurotus ostreatus, with the advantages of small influence on ostreatus mushroom, and low residue, which has good controlling efficacy to phorid flies.