2013—2020年广州市市售生食动物性水产品食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的 了解2013—2020年广州市市售生食动物性水产品中食源性致病菌污染状况及分布特点。 方法 2013—2020年共采集631份生食动物性水产样品, 进行沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、霍乱弧菌和致泻性大肠埃希氏菌等食源性致病菌检测。结果 检出食源性致病菌阳性样品90份, 总检出率为14.26%。生食动物性淡水产品和生食动物性海产品食源性致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义, ?2=160.375, P<0.001。生食动物性淡水产品检出率较高, 达到了45.70%。6种食源性致病菌检测结果显示, 创伤弧菌检出率最高, 达到9.51%, 其次是副溶血性弧菌5.86%, 沙门氏菌1.90%。第3季度检出率最高, 为16.15%, 最低的是第1季度(11.36%)。餐饮单位所售生食动物性水产品食源性致病菌检出率最高(21.90%), 其次为超市(7.69%), 网店和农贸肉菜市场所售商品无检出。结论 广州市市售生食动物性水产品存在不同程度的食源性致病菌污染, 致病菌污染主要以创伤弧菌、副溶血性弧菌为主, 生食动物性淡水产品污染情况更严重, 相关政府部门应加强监管, 开展健康宣传教育, 预防食源性疾病的发生。

Analysis of monitoring results of foodborne pathogens in aquatic products of raw food animals for saled in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2020

Objective To investigate the contamination status and distribution characteristics of foodborne pathogens in aquatic products of raw food animals in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2020. Methods A total of 631 raw food animal aquatic samples from 2013 to 2020 were collected for the detection of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae and Diarrhoeal Escherichia coli. Results A total of 90 positive samples for foodborne pathogens were detected, with the total detection rate of 14.26%. The difference in the detection rates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria between the fresh water products derived from raw food animals and the marine products derived from raw food animals was statistically significant, ?2=160.375, P<0.001. The detection rate of raw animal fresh water products was high, reaching 45.70%. The results of 6 foodborne pathogenic bacteria showed that the detection rate of Vibrio vulnificus was the highest, reaching 9.51%, followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus 5.86% and Salmonella 1.90%. The highest detectable rate was 16.15% in the 3rd quarter, and the lowest was 11.36% in the 1st quarter. The detection rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in raw food, animal and aquatic products sold by catering units was the highest (21.90%), followed by the supermarket (7.69%), and none of the products sold in online stores and meat markets were detected. Conclusion There are different degrees of foodborne pathogenic bacteria pollution in raw food animal aquatic products sold in Guangzhou, the main pathogenic bacteria pollution are Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and raw food animal fresh water products pollution is more serious. The relevant government departments should strengthen supervision, and carry out health publicity and education, to prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases.