昆明市售坚果中5种有害元素的监测

目的了解昆明市售坚果中铅、砷、汞、铬、镉5种有害元素的污染情况。方法昆明市14个区县采集共140份坚果,采用浓硝酸为消解液,石墨消解仪对样品进行前处理消解,电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定坚果中的5种有害元素的含量,内标法定量。结果样品中汞、镉、砷、铅及铬的检出率依次为35%、45%、65%、100%和100%。从坚果类别分析,检出率为葵花籽(81.2%)花生(80%)松子(77.5%)南瓜子(67.5%)西瓜子(61.3%)开心果(60%)=葡萄干(60%)杏仁(58.7%)核桃(48.3%),从有害元素含量分析,检测含量为铬(0.961 mg/kg)砷(0.057 mg/kg)铅(0.053 mg/kg)镉(0.047 mg/kg)汞(0.009 mg/kg)。2份样品中铅元素含量超过标准限值,超标率为1.4%。结论样品有害元素的含量较低,但检出率较高,相关部门应加强对坚果在贮存、加工、包装过程中的监督管理,保障消费者的食品安全和健康。

Monitoring of five kinds of harmful elements in nuts sold in Kunming

Objective To understand the pollution of 5 harmful elements of lead, arsenic, mercury, chromium and cadmium in nuts sold in Kunming. Methods A total of 140 nuts were collected from 14 districts and counties in Kunming. Concentrated nitric acid was used as the digesting solution. The samples were pretreated and digested by graphite digester. The contents of five harmful elements in nuts were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and quantified by internal standard method. Results The detection rates of mercury, cadmium, arsenic, lead and chromium were 35%, 45%, 65%, 100% and 100% respectively. From the analysis of nut categories, the detection rate was ranked as sunflower seeds (81.2%)> peanuts (80%)> pine nuts (77.5%)> pumpkin seeds (67.5%)> watermelon seeds (61.3%)> pistachios (60%)=raisins (60%)> almonds (58.7%)> walnuts (48.3%). From the analysis of harmful element content, the detection content was ranked as chromium (0.961 mg/kg)> arsenic (0.057 mg/kg)> lead (0.053 mg/kg)> cadmium (0.047 mg/kg)> mercury (0.009 mg/kg). The lead content in 2 samples exceeded the standard limit, and the exceeding rate was 1.4%. Conclusion The content of harmful elements in the sample is low, but the detection rate is high. Relevant departments should strengthen the supervision and management of nuts during storage, processing, and packaging process to ensure the food safety and health of consumers.