海藻植物多糖的化学结构及抗氧化活性研究进展

海洋蕴藏着丰富的生物资源。近年来，从海洋生物中分离得到大量结构新颖、活性多样的生物多糖，其中最引人注目的是海藻植物多糖。目前，已从海洋褐藻门、红藻门、蓝藻门和绿藻门等多种海洋植物中分离提取结构各异的海藻多糖，如岩藻聚糖、琼胶糖、卡拉胶、螺旋藻多糖和石莼多糖等。研究发现，这些海藻多糖不仅具有显著的抗氧化活性，能够清除多种活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)自由基；而且还能通过调节抗氧化系统及相关信号通路等治疗氧化应激介导的疾病，如糖尿病、癌症、肝损伤等。本文主要对近十年来海藻植物多糖的来源、类型、化学组成、结构特征、抗氧化活性以及氧化应激介导的疾病的保护作用等方面的研究进展进行综述，以期为海洋糖类药物和功能性食品的研究和开发奠定基础，并具有重要的指导意义。

Progress on chemical structure and antioxidant activity of seaweed polysaccharides

The ocean is rich in biological resources. In recent years, numerous polysaccharides with novel structures and diverse activities have been isolated from marine organisms, of which the most striking is the polysaccharides from the marine algae. At present, algae polysaccharides with various structures have been extracted from Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta, including fucoidan, agarose, carrageenan, Spriulina polysacchrides and Ulva polysaccharides. It was found that these algae polysaccharides not only have significant antioxidant activity, but also can scavenge various reactive oxygen species (ROS) free radicals. Moreover, it can also treat diseases mediated by oxidative stress, such as diabetes, cancer and liver injury, by regulating the antioxidant system and relevant signaling pathways. In this paper, we mainly summarized the research progress on the sources, types, chemical composition, structure characteristics, antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from the marine algae and their protection against diseases mediated by the oxidative stress in recent ten years. This paper will lay a foundation for the research and development of marine polysaccharide drugs and functional food, and also has an important guiding significance.