全氟/多氟烷基化合物的毒理学研究进展及新型替代物健康危害

全氟/多氟烷基化合物（per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances，PFASs）因有优良的理化特性，在当前工业生产领域具有无可替代的地位，在世界各地被广泛使用，但由于其具有极强的生物蓄积性和环境持久性，进入环境后不易降解，会对人体健康造成不可忽视的伤害，包括神经、免疫、内分泌、生殖发育、肝肾毒性，因此受到世界各国的重视和严格的管控。传统PFASs的使用受限导致替代物被大量开发，近几年在环境和生物体内检测到越来越多的新型替代物，同时它们表现出比传统PFASs更强的生物毒性，但目前依然缺乏对于PFASs替代物及前体的毒性研究和暴露评估数据。本文对近五年传统PFASs的毒理学研究结果进行综述，并对几种检测频率较高的替代物及前体的人体接触水平及对健康的影响进行总结，为PFASs新型替代物的进一步研究和监管措施提供科学依据。

Toxicological research progress of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and health hazards of novel alternatives

The per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with excellent physical and chemical properties, has the irreplaceable status in the field of the industrial production currently, and is widely used all around the world. Since it has strong bioaccumulation and persistence in the environment, it is not easy to degrade and can do considerable damage to human body health, including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity and hepatorenal toxicity, Therefore, it is highly valued and strictly controlled by all countries in the world. The increasingly stringent restrictions on legacy PFASs have led to the compensatory use of new fluorinated replacements. However, in recent years more and more new alternatives is detected in the environment and the organism, and they showed stronger biological toxicity than legacy PFASs, but still lack of toxicity studies and exposure assessment data for novel PFASs and precursors. This paper reviews the toxicological research results of traditional PFASs in the past five years, and summarizes the human exposure levels and health effects of several substitutes and precursors with high detection frequency, which providing scientific basis for further research and regulatory measures of new PFASs substitutes.