岩藻多糖降脂生物活性的作用机制及应用

现如今肥胖是一个严重的公共卫生问题, 市场上的降脂药物药效单一且不良反应明显, 因此迫切需要开发具有良好降脂作用且安全无毒副作用的新药物。岩藻多糖是一种来源于棕色海藻和一些海洋无脊椎动物的复合多糖, 具有良好的降脂生物活性。越来越多的研究发现, 岩藻多糖既可以通过抑制前脂肪细胞分化减少脂肪产生, 也可以通过改善肝脏和小肠对脂质的代谢降低血脂, 从而发挥其降脂生物活性, 达到改善肥胖的功效。而且研究证实岩藻多糖具有良好的生物安全性, 使其在膳食补充剂方面的应用也愈加广泛, 因此将岩藻多糖用于改善肥胖的前景十分可观。本文综述了岩藻多糖的药代动力学和生物安全性, 并总结出其降脂活性作用机制及在代谢类疾病和动脉粥样硬化症中的应用, 以期能在临床上为抗肥胖提供新的研究方向, 并同时为海藻类天然药物的开发提供更多的理论支撑。

Lipid-lowering activity mechanism of fucoidan and its application

Nowadays, obesity is a serious public health problem, and lipid-lowering drugs commercially available have single effects and obvious adverse reactions. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new drugs with good lipid-lowering effects and non-toxic side effects. Fucoidan is a complex polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed and some marine invertebrates, which has good lipids lowering biological activity. More and more studies have found that fucoidan can not only reduce fat production by inhibiting preadipocyte differentiation, but also improve the metabolism of lipids in liver and small intestine to reduce blood lipids, so as to exert its lipid-lowering biological activity and achieve the effect of obesity treatment. In addition, studies have proved that fucoidan has good biosafety, which makes it more widely used in dietary supplements. Therefore, the prospect of using fucoidan in the treatment of obesity is very promising. This article reviewed the pharmacokinetics and biosafety of fucoidan, summarized the mechanism of lipid-lowering activity and its application in metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis, in order to provide a new research direction for the treatment of obesity in clinical practice, and provide more theoretical supports for the development of natural drugs for sea algae.