Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Food Products: A Comprehensive Review |
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| Authors: | Amin N Olaimat Murad A Al‐Holy Hafiz M Shahbaz Anas A Al‐Nabulsi Mahmoud H Abu Ghoush Tareq M Osaili Mutamed M Ayyash Richard A Holley |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dept. of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite Univ., Zarqa, Jordan;2. Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Univ. of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan;3. Dept. of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan Univ. of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan;4. Dept. of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Univ. of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;5. Dept. of Food Science, United Arab Emirates Univ., Al Ain, United Arab Emirates;6. Dept. of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that has been involved in several deadly illness outbreaks. Future outbreaks may be more difficult to manage because of the emergence of antibiotic resistance among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products. The present review summarizes the available evidence on the emergence of antibiotic resistance among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products and the possible ways this resistance has developed. Furthermore, the resistance of food L. monocytogenes isolates to antibiotics currently used in the treatment of human listeriosis such as penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and gentamicin, has been documented. Acquisition of movable genetic elements is considered the major mechanism of antibiotic resistance development in L. monocytogenes. Efflux pumps have also been linked with resistance of L. monocytogenes to some antibiotics including fluoroquinolones. Some L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products are intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics. However, factors in food processing chains and environments (from farm to table) including extensive or sub‐inhibitory antibiotics use, horizontal gene transfer, exposure to environmental stresses, biofilm formation, and presence of persister cells play crucial roles in the development of antibiotic resistance by L. monocytogenes. |
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| Keywords: | antibiotic resistance biofilm formation environmental stresses food horizontal gene transfer Listeria monocytogenes listeriosis multidrug resistant bacteria |
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