基于可培和免培法探究大曲生产环境空气微生物群落结构的时空性特征

分别应用可培和免培方法研究同企业使用2年和25年的新老曲厂空气中的微生物群落结构和多样性随季节的变化规律。结果表明，季节间的差异显著，可培和免培的结果分别是春季的菌群数量和α-多样性最高，且都随季节先增加后减少。可培方法获得301株分离株，所属类别与免培的结果大体一致，细菌菌群由Acfinobacteria等5个门构成，主要是Pseudomonas、Staphylococcus、Bacillus等，真菌群则是Ascomycota等3个门构成，Phialemoniopsis和Aspergillus等是优势属。空气中Proteobacteria的Pseudomonas等8个细菌属及Ascomycota的Saccharomycopsis等10个真菌属可能是大曲优势菌的来源。使用25年设施环境空气中的物种数量及多样性更丰富和稳定。相关性分析结果表明，环境的温度、湿度是影响物种数量的关键因素，空气污染程度等可能导致群落结构不稳定。这些结果揭示了制曲小生境群落的时空性特征，为探讨大曲与环境微生物的相互关系及溯源性研究奠定了方法学基础。

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Air Microbial Community Structure in Daqu Manufacture Environment Explored by Culture-dependent and Culture-independent Methods

The change trend of the microbial community structure and diversity, in the air around new and old Daqu production factories used for 2 and 25 years, respectively, with the seasons were investigated by both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. The results showed that the constituents and diversities significantly shifted with seasons, and the number of species and α-diversity indexes were the highest in spring, respectively, and both of them increased first and then decreased with seasons. 301 isolates were obtained by culture-dependent method, which belonged to the same category as that obtained by the culture-independent method, the bacterial flora was composed of five phyla, such as Acfinobacteria, etc., in which Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, were dominant. The fungal flora was composed of three phyla, including Ascomycota., Phialemoniopsis and Aspergillus, etc. were dominant. Among these dominant species, Pseudomonas et al. 8 bacterial genera of Proteobacteria and Saccharomycopsis et al. 10 fungi genera of Ascomycota in the strong-flavor Daqu might be originated from the air. Compared with facilities used for 2 years, the quantity and diversity indexes in the air around the facilities used for 25 years were richer and more stable. Correlation analysis showed that the temperature and humidity of the air were the key factors affecting the quantity of microorganisms, while the change of the intensity of air pollution resulted in the community structure became unstabitily. These results revealed the spatiotemporal feature of the microbial community in the Daqu manufacturing niche and laid a methodological foundation for the study of the relationship and traceability between Daqu and environmental microorganisms.