成都市售果蔬中农药残留水平分析及慢性膳食风险评估

了解成都市果蔬中农药残留污染现状及其对成都市居民的膳食风险水平。采集成都市果蔬大型农贸市场和超市的9类果蔬共203份样品，采用改良的GB 23200.113-2018 QuEChERS前处理方法，结合气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱对48种农药进行检测，分析成都市果蔬中农药残留现状，并结合大城市居民的果蔬消费情况和食品安全指数法对成都市居民从果蔬中摄入农药风险进行慢性膳食暴露评估。结果显示:48种农药在0.025~25 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99，回收率为60.1%~117.7%，相对标准偏差均小于10%，方法定量限为0.083~3.3 μg/kg，可以满足果蔬中农药痕量检测的要求。203份果蔬样品中农药残留检出率为50.2%，共检出6种农药，均未超标，其中吡唑醚菌酯检出率最高，为29.1%。不同种类果蔬受农药污染程度不同，以草莓为代表的浆果和其他小型类水果检出率最高，达91.7%。慢性膳食暴露评估结果显示所有检出农药的食品安全指数值为0.00002~0.004，均小于1，但炔螨特的日摄入量最高，为0.00257 mg/d，应重点关注。

Residue Levels and Chronic Dietary Intake Risk of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables in Chengdu

To investigate the pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and their dietary risk to Chengdu residents. A total of 203 samples of 9 kinds of fruits and vegetables were collected from large farmer markets and supermarkets in Chengdu. The modified GB 23200.113-2018 QuEChERS pre-treatment method combined with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to analyze 48 pesticides. Chronic dietary intake risk was assessed by a combination of fruit and vegetable consumption of residents in big cities and the food safety index method. It showed good linear relationships for 48 pesticides in the range of 0.025~25 μg/kg, with the correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The average recoveries of the pesticides were 60.1%~117.7%, with relative standard deviations less than 10%. The limits of quantification were 0.083~3.3 μg/kg. This method could meet the requirements for trace determination of the 48 pesticides in fruits and vegetables. The detection rate of pesticide residues in 203 fruit and vegetable samples was 50.2%. Six pesticides were detected in all the samples, and all of them did not exceed the maximum residue limits. The detection rate of pyraclostrobin was the highest, being 29.1%. Various kinds of fruits and vegetables were polluted differently by pesticides. Berries and other small kinds of fruits, represented by strawberries, had the highest detection rate up to 91.7%. The results of chronic dietary exposure assessment showed that the food safety index values of all detected pesticides ranged from 0.00002 to 0.004, much less than 1. But the daily intake of propargite was relatively high (0.00257 mg/d), which should be paid more attention in the future.