猴头菇高品质膳食纤维的制备及理化性质分析

以提取猴头菇（Hericium erinaceus，HE）多糖和蛋白后所剩残渣为原料，通过正交试验优化超声-微波辅助酶法（Ultrasound-microwave assisted enzymatic method，UMAE）制备猴头菇高品质膳食纤维（HE-DF₂）的最佳工艺，并对其结构及理化性质进行分析。结果表明:在物料粒度80目、酶添加量3%、微波温度55 ℃、超声功率300 W、酶解时间75 min时，HE-DF₂的SDF含量为12.89%±0.12%，持油力为（2.05±0.01）g/g、胆固醇吸附能力为（36.84±0.59）mg/g；与参考GB 5009.88-2014《食品中膳食纤维的测定》制备的普通猴头菇膳食纤维（HE-DF₁）相比，HE-DF₂ 内部结构发生改变，产生更多的亲水基团，其持水力、持油力、膨胀力、结合水力和胆固醇吸附能力均显著提高（P<0.05），并且符合高品质膳食纤维的要求。说明UMAE有利于猴头菇膳食纤维功能性质的改善。

Preparation,Physicochemical Properties of High-quality Dietary Fiber from Hericium erinaceus

Took the residue left after extracting the polysaccharide and protein from Hericium erinaceus (HE) as raw material, orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the best process for preparing high-quality Hericium erinaceus dietary fiber (HE-DF₂) by ultrasound-microwave assisted enzymatic method (UMAE), and its structure and physicochemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that when the material particle size was 80 meshes, the enzyme dosage was 3%, the microwave temperature was 55 ℃, the ultrasonic power was 300 W, and the enzymolysis time was 75 min, the SDF content in HE-DF₂ was 12.89%±0.12%, and the oil holding capacity was (2.05±0.01) g/g, cholesterol adsorption capacity was (36.84±0.59) mg/g. Compared with the common Hericium erinaceus dietary fiber (he-df1) prepared with reference to GB 5009.88-2014 determination of dietary fiber in food, the internal structure of HE-DF₂ changed, producing more hydrophilic groups, and its water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, binding water capacity, swelling capacity and cholesterol adsorption capacity were significantly improved, and it satisfied the requirements of high-quality dietary fiber. It showed that UMAE would be beneficial to the improvement of the functional properties of Hericium erinaceus dietary fiber.