响应面法优化超声微波联用辅助提取黑木耳黑色素工艺

以黑木耳（Auricularia auricula-judae）粉末为材料，研究了超声微波联用辅助提取黑木耳黑色素的方法。通过单因素实验考察黑木耳干粉粉碎粒度、超声功率、微波功率和超声微波联用时间对提取效果的影响，并采用响应面法优化工艺条件。通过与传统溶剂提取法及超声辅助提取法进行比较，结合扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscope）观察不同提取方法对于黑木耳干粉组织结构的破坏程度，以此验证超声微波联用辅助提取黑木耳黑色素的优势。结果表明:木耳黑色素的最佳提取工艺条件是:超声功率398 W、微波功率392 W、联合作用时间31 min。此条件下黑木耳黑色素吸光度为0.984，粗黑色素得率达到9.10%，相较传统溶剂法提取法（7.20%）、超声辅助提取法（5.20%）分别提高26.38%、75.00%。经比较不同提取方法后的黑木耳组织的SEM图像，表明黑木耳组织经超声微波联用辅助提取方法后，组织结构破损严重。结果证实:超声微波联用辅助提取黑木耳黑色素的方法相较于传统溶剂法可节约溶剂的使用量，相较于超声辅助提取法所耗费的时间有所减少，并且可提升黑木耳黑色素得率。

Optimization of Ultrasound-Microwave Assisted Extraction of Melanin from Auricularia auricula-judae by Response Surface Methodology

The ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction(UMAE)of melanin from Auricularia auricula-judae powder was studied in this study.The effects of particle size,ultrasonic power,microwave power and ultrasound-microwave combined action time on the extraction of melanin from A.auricula-judae powder were investigated by single factor experiment,and the process conditions were optimized by response surface methodology.Compared with the traditional solvent extraction method and ultrasound assisted extraction method,combined with scanning electron microscope(SEM),the damage degree of different extraction methods on the structure of A.auricula-judae dry powder was observed,so as to verify the advantages of ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction of A.auricula-judae melanin.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows:Ultrasonic power 398 W,microwave power 392 W,combined action time 31 min.Under these conditions,the absorbance of A.auricula-judae melanin was 0.984,and the yield reached 9.10%.Compared with the traditional solvent extraction method(7.20%)and ultrasound-assisted extraction method(5.2%),the extraction yield of Auricularia auricula melanin increased by 26.38%and 75.00%,respectively.Compared the SEM images of the tissue of A.auricula-judae with different extraction methods,it was shown that the tissue structure of A.auricula-judae was seriously damaged after ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction.The results confirmed that the method of ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction of A.auricula-judae melanin could save the amount of solvent compared with the traditional solvent method,reduce the time spent compared with the ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction method,and improve the yield of A.auricula-judae melanin.