养殖和野生可口革囊星虫营养评价及挥发性风味物质分析

分析和评价养殖和野生可口革囊星虫营养品质和挥发性风味物质。结果表明:养殖星虫粗蛋白含量显著低于野生星虫(P<0.05),水分和粗脂肪含量显著高于野生星虫(P<0.05)。养殖星虫氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量均低于野生星虫,其中呈味氨基酸、精氨酸和赖氨酸分别占44.12%、10.23%、6.17%和45.22%、9.85%、5.94%。养殖和野生星虫中均含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,分别占脂肪酸总量的48.60%和53.04%,以C_{20:4 n-6}含量最高,但养殖星虫的不饱和脂肪酸显著低于野生星虫(P<0.05)。从养殖星虫和野生星虫中分别检测出40和41种挥发性成分,醛、醇、酮含量分别为30.10%、18.19%、13.47%和31.53%、18.50%、19.59%,均表现出脂肪香、蘑菇泥土味、草味,其中对风味贡献较大的是辛醛、壬醛、反-2-辛烯醛、反-2-壬烯醛、1辛烯-3酮和β-紫罗兰酮。综合比较,养殖星虫营养品质、腥味、香味特征略低于野生星虫。

Nutritional Evaluation and Volatile Flavor Compounds Analysis of Cultured and Wild Phascolosoma esculenta

The aims of this study were to analyze and evaluate the nutrient composition and volatile compounds of cultured and wild Phascolosoma esculenta. The results showed that crude protein content of cultured P.esculenta was significantly lower(P<0.05),while water and crude fat content were significantly higher than those of wild(P<0.05).The total amino acids content,essential amino acids content and flavor amino acids content of cultured P.esculenta were lower than those of wild.Flavor amino acids,arginine and lysine of cultured and wild P.esculenta accounted for 44.12%,10.23%,6.17% and 45.22%,9.85%,5.94% respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids(USFA)contents of cultured P.esculenta were lower than those of wild(P<0.05),accounting for 48.60% and 53.04% in the total fatty acids respectively,and C_{20:4 n-6} content was the highest. 40 volatile compounds was detected from cultured P.esculenta,including aldehydes,alcohols,ketones accounting for 30.10%,18.19%,13.47%.41 volatile compounds was detected from wild P.esculenta,including aldehydes,alcohols,ketones accounting for 31.53%,18.50%,19.59%.Both of cultured and wild P.esculenta showed fatty,mushroom earthy and grassy flavour. The substances which were mainly attributed to the flavour were octyl aldehyd,nonanal,(E)-oct-2-enal,(E)-non-2-enal,1-octen-3-ol,3-octenol and β-ionone. Based on these results,the nutritional quality,fishy smell and aroma characteristics of cultured P.esculenta were slightly lower than those of wild P.esculenta.