六种鱼鱼头磷脂的组成及脂质脂肪酸分析

为研究海水鱼和淡水鱼鱼头磷脂及脂质脂肪酸组成的差异,以海水鱼(马鲛鱼、巴浪鱼、金鲳鱼)和淡水鱼(罗非鱼、鲫鱼、鲢鱼)鱼头为研究对象,利用Floch法提取6种鱼鱼头总脂;硅胶柱层析法将总脂分离收集中性脂、糖脂和磷脂;薄层层析(thin layer chromatography,TLC)分析比较6种鱼鱼头磷脂种类的分布、组成;气相色谱(Gas chromatography,GC)分析6种鱼鱼头脂质的脂肪酸组成。结果表明,6种鱼鱼头中提取率最高的脂质类型为中性脂,占总脂的48.98%~77.84%,其次为磷脂,占总脂的5.93%~22.86%,糖脂提取率最低,占总脂的3.67%~15.91%。鱼头磷脂中共检出4种磷脂组分,分别为磷脂酰乙醇胺(Phosphatidylethanolamine,PE)、磷脂酰胆碱(Phosphatidylcholine,PC)、鞘磷脂(Sphingomyelin,SM)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(Lysophosphatidylcholine,LPC),其中PC明显高于其他磷脂组分。脂质中均含有较高含量的多不饱和脂肪酸(Poly-unsaturated fatty acid,PUFA),其中以二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)为主,且均含有二十碳五烯酸(eicosapntemacnioc acid,EPA),海水鱼和淡水鱼鱼头磷脂中DHA和EPA占总脂肪酸的比例最高,分别为18.39%~21.43%和5.61%~10.38%,且海水鱼鱼头中以DHA和EPA为主的PUFA含量高于淡水鱼鱼头。因此,海水鱼鱼头是提取n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的潜在资源,尤其是制备n-3多不饱和脂肪酸型磷脂的良好来源。

Composition Analysis of Phospholipids and Fatty Acids of Head in Six Species of Fishes

To study the differences of phospholipids(PLs)and fatty acids in fish head between marine fish and freshwater fish. In this study,the fish heads of marine fish(Scomberomorus niphonius,Decapterus maruadsi,Golden pompano)and freshwater fish(Oreochromis mossambic,Carassius auratus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)were used as raw materials. Total lipids were extracted by Floch method,and the total lipids were separated into neutral lipids,glycolipids and phospholipids by silica gel column chromatography. The distribution and compositions of phospholipids from the fish heads of six species fishes were analyzed and compared by using thin layer chromatography(TLC). The fatty acid composition of lipids in the fish heads of six species was analyzed by gas chromatography(GC). The results showed that the highest extraction rate lipid in the fish heads of six species were neutral lipids,accounting for 48.98%~77.84% of the total lipids,the second was phospholipid,accounting for 5.93%~22.86% of the total lipids,and glycolipids extraction rate was the least,accounting for 3.76%~15.91% of the total lipids. Four phospholipids were detected in fish head phospholipids,namely,phosphatidylethanolamine(PE),phosphatidylcholine(PC),sphingomyelin(SM)and lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC),PC was significantly higher than other phospholipid components. Lipids contained a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)was the main one,and contained eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA). The content of DHA and EPA in phospholipids in fish heads of marine fish and freshwater fish was the highest in total fatty acids,which was 18.39%~21.43% and 5.61%~10.38%,respectively,and the PUFA content of DHA and EPA in marine fish head was higher than that in freshwater fish head. Therefore,marine fish head is a potential source for extracting n-3 PUFA,especially for preparing n-3 PUFA-PL.