气候因子对湘东茶陵烟区烤烟氯、钾含量的影响

为探究气候因子对湘东烟区烤烟氯、钾含量的影响，对茶陵县2012—2018年间烤烟氯、钾含量及其与主要气候因子之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明，湘东茶陵烟区烤烟大田期平均气温23.0℃，≥10℃活动积温2 909.5℃，降雨量865.6 mm，日照时数529.5 h，属于适宜种植优质烤烟地区。2012年至2018年钾含量均处于适宜范围内，部分年度中、下部烟叶氯含量偏低。相关分析表明，上部烟叶氯含量与上部叶采收期气温、≥10℃积温、≥20℃积温显著负相关；中部烟叶氯含量与伸根期≥20℃积温显著正相关，而钾含量与下部叶采收期和大田期≥10℃积温显著正相关；下部烟叶钾含量与伸根期气温和≥10℃积温显著正相关；氯、钾含量与降雨量均无显著相关。雨水淋溶可能是造成茶陵烟区烟叶氯离子含量偏低的主要原因，而提高伸根期土壤温度可提高烟叶钾、氯含量。

Effects of Climate Factors on Chlorine and Potassium Contents of Flue-cured Tobacco in Eastern Hunan

In order to explore the effect of climate factors on the contents of potassium and chloride of flue-cured tobacco in eastern Hunan, the relationship between the contents of chlorine and potassium in flue-cured tobacco and the main climatic factors was analyzed from 2012 to 2018 in Chaling. During the field period of tobacco in Chaling, the average temperature was 23.0℃, ≥ 10℃ accumulated temperature was 2909.5℃, the rainfall was 865.6 mm and sunshine hours were 529.5 h. The results showed that Chaling is a high-quality flue-cured tobacco cultivation area. From 2012 to 2018, the potassium content of all parts was in the appropriate range, and the content of chlorine in the middle and lower leaves was low in some years. The content of chlorine in the upper leaves was negatively correlated with the temperature, ≥ 10℃ accumulated temperature, and ≥ 20℃ accumulated temperature during the picking period of upper leaves. Chlorine content in the middle leaves was positively correlated with the ≥ 20℃ accumulated temperature during the root spreading period, while potassium content was positively correlated with the ≥ 10℃ accumulated temperature during the picking period of the lower leaves and the field period. Potassium content of the lower leaves was positively correlated with the temperature and ≥ 10℃ accumulated temperature during the root spreading period. There was no significant correlation however, between the contents of chlorine and potassium and the rainfall. Rain leaching may be the main reason for the low content of chloride ion in Chaling tobacco leaves, and increasing soil temperature at root extension stage can increase the content of potassium and chlorine in tobacco leaves.